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Castlebar (Irish: Caislean an Bharraigh , which means “Barry Castle”) is the county seat of County Mayo, Ireland. It is in the middle of the county and its largest city by population.

A campus of Galway-Mayo Institute of Technology and country life part of the National Museum of Ireland are two important local amenities. The city is linked by rail to Dublin, Westport and Ballina. The main road on the road is the N5. The city is surrounded by several villages, including Ballintubber. Its economy is primarily service-based. Continue reading

The Museum of Country Life is located in Turlough Village, 8 km (5.0 mi) northeast of Castlebar, County Mayo in Ireland. Founded in 2001, the museum is part of the National Museum of Irelandoch is the only national museum outside of Dublin. ^[2] The museum exhibits the lifestyle of rural Irish people between 1850 and 1950, and it is in the grounds of Turlough Park House. There are displays about the home, the natural environment, trade and craft, communities, and works on land and water. Continue reading

Croagh Patrick (Irish: Cruach Phádraig , meaning “(S) Patrick Stack”), ^[1]nicknamed the Reek , ^[2] is a 764 meters (2,507 ft) mountain and an important place of pilgrimage in County Mayo iIrland. It is 8 km (5 miles) from Westport, above the villages of Murrisk and Lecanvey. It is the third highest mountain in County Mayo after Mweelrea and Nephin. It increased by pilgrims on Reek Sunday every year, which is the last Sunday in July. It forms the southern part of a U-shaped valley created by a glacier flowing into Clew Bay in the last Ice Age .Croagh Patrick is part of a long east-west ridge;the westernmost peak called Ben Gorm.

Name

Croagh Patrick comes from the Irish Cruach Phádraig sense “(S) Patrick stack”. It is known locally as “Reek”, an Irish English word for “rick” or “stack”.^[3] In pagan times it was known as Cruachan Aigle , referred to by that name in the sources Cath Maige Tuired , ^[4] Buile Shuibhne , ^[5] meters Dindshenchas, ^[6] and the Annals of Ulster record for the year 1113. ^[7] Cruachan is simply a diminutive of Cruach “stack”, but it is not certain what Aigle funds. It is either from the Latin loan aquila “eagle” (usually aicile or acaile ) ^[8] or a person’s name. ^{[6] [9]} In addition to its literal meaning, Cruach in the pagan name may also be related to Crom Cruach.

The Marquess of Sligo, whose headquarters is located near Westport House, carries the titles Baron Mount Eagle and the Earl of Altamont, both derived from the alternative name ( Cruachan Aigle , high-mount ). For Croagh Patrick ^[10]

Pilgrimage

Main article: Reek Sunday

Croagh Patrick has sense been a place of pagan pilgrimage, especially for the summer solstice, since 3000 BC ^[11] It is now a place of Christian pilgrimage associated co aint Patrick fasted on top forty days in the fifth century AD ^[12]Thousands of people climb the mountain every Reek Sunday, which is the last Sunday of juli.Klättringen led by the Archbishop of Tuam each year. But the amount of visitors -estimated at 40,000 per year -and resulting erosion has caused concern for the safety of both the Catholic Church and local farmers who undertake safety measures. Pilgrimage was canceled because of safety reasons in 2015. ^[13]

Summit chapel

From St. Patrick’s own time, there had been some kind of a small chapel on the top, ^[14] called “Team Phádraig”. an archaeological excavation in 1994 found the remains of a foundation at the top. In the 824 Archbishops of Armagh and Tuam disagree over who had jurisdiction. ^[15]

A small chapel was built on the top and dedicated July 20, 1905. During the pilgrimage July 31, 2005 a plaque commemorating its centennial presented by Michael Neary, the Archbishop of Tuam.

It was decided ^{[ citation needed ]} in 2005 to open the church every day during the summer, rather than just on holidays. Mass celebrated in the church on Reek Sunday and 15 August. It opens through information lines.

Gold detection

A seam of gold were discovered in the rock in the 1980s: overall grades of 14 grams of gold per tonne (0.45 oz gold per ton) for at least 12 quartz veins, which can produce 700,000 tons (770,000 tons) of ore – potentially over 300,000 troy oz of gold (worth over € 360). But because of local opposition from the Mayo environmental group led by Paddy Hopkins, the Mayo County Council decided not to allow mining. ^[16]

Gallery

• Unobstructed mountain views from Westport
• Notice at the base stations of the Catholic climbers, with the statue of Saint Patrick
• The upper slopes of the mountain
• Patrick Oratory at the summit
• Patrick bed at the summit
• Cairn near the top with views of Clew Bay and Mayo mountains
• Chapel on top of Croagh Patrick

See also

• List of mountains in Ireland

References

1. Jump up ^ Croagh Patrick placental Database of Ireland. Pulled: 07/31/2013.
2. Jump up ^ Croagh Patrick, Taifid chartlainne (archive footage) placental Database of Ireland. Pulled: 07/31/2013.
3. Jump up ^ New Shorter Oxford English Dictionary , the CD edition, 1997, Oxford University Press, Oxford, 1973, 1993, 1996.
4. Jump up ^ CELT: The second battle of Moytura (Translation) – Irish
5. Jump up ^ CELT: Buile Shuibhne (Translation) – Irish (Cruachan Oighle)
6. ^ Jump up to: ^ab CELT: Dindshenchas meters, 88 Cruachan Aigle (Translation) – Irish
7. Jump up ^ CELT: Annals of Ulster in 1113 (translation) – Irish
8. Jump up ^ Registration for aicil of Edil
9. Jump up ^ Old Irish-L: Cruachan Aigle July 31, 2002
10. Jump up ^ George Edward Cokayne oath. Vicary Gibbs, The Complete Peerage , Volume I (1910) p. 113th
11. Jump up ^ historical interest Teach na Miasa. Pulled: 07/31/2013.
12. Jump up ^ “In imitation of the great Jewish legislator on Sinai, he spent forty days on its summit in fasting and prayer, and other penitential exercises.” Catholic Encyclopedia
13. Jump up ^ Kieran Cooke (11 October 2015). “The sacred mountain that has become too popular.” BBC news. Retrieved eleven October 2015.
14. Jump up ^ McDonald, Michael. “Croagh Patrick.” The Catholic Encyclopedia. Vol. 4. New York: Robert Appleton Company, 1908. February 21, 2014
15. Jump up ^ Haggerty, Bridget. “He came to scoff – but stayed to Pray”, Irish culture and customs
16. Jump up ^ “Obituary Paddy Hopkins.” Mayo News. July 30, 2013.Retrieved 10 September, 2013.

Cong (Irish: Conga , from Cúnga Fheichín means “Saint Feichin’s narrows”) is a village cross borders County Galway and County Mayo, Ireland. Cong is situated on an island formed by a number of streams that surround it on all sides. Cong located on the isthmus that connects the Loughs Corrib and Mask, near the cities of Headford and Ballinrobe and byarnaClonbur, The Neale and Cross.

Cong is known for its underground streams that connects Lough Corrib Lough Mask to the north. ^[1] It was also the home of Sir William Wilde, historian and father of prominent playwright, novelist, poet and short story writer Oscar Wilde.

Cong is home to Ashford Castle, a luxury hotel, converted from a Victorian faux Lake Castle, built by the Guinness familjen.Ashford Castle is a tourist attraction in its own right. Cong also has a ruined medieval abbey, Cong Abbey, where Rory O’Connor, the last högkung, spent his last years. ^[2] It is also the origin of a piece of Celtic art in the form of a metal cross shrine called Cross Cong. The “Cross Cong” now held in the National Museum of Ireland, Dublin. There is a High Cross in the village.

The 1111 Synod Ráth Breasail included Cong (Cunga Feichin) among the five pins that have been approved for Connacht, but in 1152 the Synod of Kells excluded it from their list and assigned to what would be the territory of the Archdiocese of Tuam. ^{[3] [ 4]} No longer a residential bishop is Cunga Feichin today indicated by the Catholic Church as an ordinary look. ^[5]

Cong Canal, built over five years by Benjamin Guinness in the 1850s, was a failure. Although it was only three miles long it could not hold water, buried in the porous limestone. The intention was to go Loughs Corrib and Mask and create a secure transport link from Sligo to Galway, avoiding the need to cross the west coast of Ireland. Now it is commonly known as “Dry Canal”;the water level can vary between zero inches and 12 feet, depending on the time of year (summer, dry winter full). and is three miles in length. Built heritage features of the channel remains. ^{[6] [7]}

Cong was recording the location of John Ford’s 1952 Oscar -winning film, The Quiet Man , ^[8] with John Wayne, Maureen O’Hara and Barry Fitzgerald. A large part of the film was shot because of Ashford Castle. The city and the castle area remains little changed since 1952, and Cong connection with the film to make it a tourist attraction. (The film is still celebrated by local “Quiet Man Fan Club”). ^[9]

Catholic record for Cong not begin until 1870. The Church of Ireland records from the 18th and 19th centuries have survived and are held at the South Mayo Family Research Centre nearby Ballinrobe.

annalistic references

From the Annals of the Four Masters:

• M1184.12. Donnell O’Flanagan, Lord of Clann-Cahill, died on the conga-Feichin Cong.

See also

• List of towns and villages in Ireland

Gallery of images

• Autumn Leaves at Ashford Castle
• The exterior of the old Abbey
• Locks on the Dry Canal
• Monk Fish House

References

1. Jump up ^ “Geological Survey of Ireland.” Retrieved 23 March 2015.
2. Jump up ^ Webb, Alfred (1878). A Compendium of Irish Biography.Dublin: MH Gill and Son.
3. Jump up ^ Michael John Brenan, The Ecclesiastical History of Ireland , Dublin 1864, pp. 120-121, 250
4. Jump up ^ John Healy, “Tuam” in the Catholic Encyclopedia (New York 1912)
5. Jump up ^ annuario pontificio 2013 (Libreria Editrice Vaticana 2013 ISBN 978-88-209-9070-1), p. 877
6. Jump up ^ Brief history of the Cong Canal
7. Jump up ^ Hugh McKnight (1987). Shell’s book waterways. David & Charles. p. 31. ISBN 0-7153-8239-X.
8. Jump up ^ Cong in County Mayo Site
9. Jump up ^ “The Quiet Man Cong”. Member of Travel Ireland Network.In 2013. Retrieved 24 March 2015.

Ashford Castle is a medieval castle that has expanded over the centuries and turned into a five-star luxury hotel near Cong on the Mayo – Galway border on the beach avLough Corrib in Ireland. It is a member of the Leading Hotels of the World organization and was previously owned by the Guinness family.

The early history

A castle was built on the edge of a monastic site in 1228 by the Anglo-Norman House of Burke. ^[1]

After more than three and a half centuries in Burgos, whose surname became Burke or Bourke, Ashford passed into the hands of a new champion, after a fierce battle between the forces of Burgos and the English official Sir Richard Bingham, Lord President of Connaught when a ceasefire was agreed.In 1589 the castle fell to Bingham, who added a fortified enclave within its range. ^{[ Citation needed ]}

Dominick Browne, of Browne Family (Baron Oranmore) got the farm in a Royal Grant either 1670 or 1678. ^[2] In 1715, the estate of Ashford established by the Browne family and a hunting lodge in the style of a 17th century French chateau was constructed. The double-headed eagles still visible on the roof represents the arms of Browne. ^[1]

In the late 18th century a branch of the family inhabited the castle. In the early 19th century, a Thomas Elwood was an agent of Brownes at Ashford and registered as living there in 1814. ^[3]

Victorian conversion

The estate was bought in 1852 by Sir Benjamin Lee Guinness from congested Estates’ Court. ^[4] He added two large Victorian-style extensions. ^[1] He also expanded the farm to 26,000 acres (110 km ² ), built new roads and planted thousands of trees. The castle was designed for Sir William Wilde book on County Galway. ^[5] On Benjamin’s death in 1868, the estate passed to his son, Lord Ardilaun, which expanded further building in the Gothic Revival style.^[4]

Lord Ardilaun was an avid gardener who oversaw the development of the massive woodlands and rebuilt the entire west wing of the palace, designed by architects James Franklin Fuller and George Ashlin. The new design connected the early 18th century in the east part of the two-Burgo-time tower in the west. Pinnacles added to the whole castle. ^[1]

He also subsidized the operation of several steamboats, the most notable of these was Lady Eglinton, who twisted between the villages of Upper Lough Corrib and Galway City region, opening the area to boost trade. In a time of agitation of the tenants in the Country war in the late 19th century, epitomized by the action of tenants at nearby Lough Mask House (home of Captain Charles Boycott), he is considered by many to be an “improvement” landlord. Some of his efforts failed, especially Cong Canal, also known as “Dry Canal”, which was built to link the Lough Mask and Lough Corrib, but was a failure, because of their inability to hold water. Despite such setbacks, love worn by him and his wife Olive, daughter of the 3rd Earl of Bantry, the castle and the estate was deep and is best symbolized by the fact that when he was knighted in 1880, he derives his title from the island of Ardilaun, which formed part of the estate on Lough Corrib. ^{[ citation needed ]}

Hotel

The castle passed to Ardilaun’s nephew Ernest Guinness. ^{[ Citation needed ]} It was gifted to the Irish government in 1939. ^[4]

Noel Huggard opened the courtyard of a hotel, which became famous for the provision of country pursuits such as fishing and shooting. Noel Huggard parents had been in the hotel business iWaterville, since 1910, and his grand daughters, Louise and Paula, run the Butler Arms Hotel there today. ^{[ Citation needed ]}

In 1951, director John Ford came to the West of Ireland to film The Quiet Man, starring John Wayne and Maureen O’Hara. The grounds of the castle, as well as nearby Cong, formed the backdrop for much of the plot of the movie.

In recent years, the castle has been used as a set of “French Court” in The CW’s hit medieval drama Reign . The castle and surrounding grounds a prominent place in the first three seasons of drama, with actors and film workers return year on year to film on the farm. ^{[ Citation needed ]}

In 1970 the castle was bought by John Mulcahy, who oversaw its complete restoration and expansion, doubling its size with the addition of a new wing in the early 1970s, to build a golf course and develop the grounds and gardens. In 1985, a group of Irish American investors, which included Chuck Feeney and Tony O’Reilly, bought Ashford. The castle was sold by these investors in 2007 for 50 million € to Galway-based property investor Gerry Barrett and his family. ^[6] While some of Barrett extensive property loans would be managed by the Irish National Asset Management Agency (NAMA), Ashford was financed by Bank of Scotland (Ireland), ^[7] which placed the property in bankruptcy in November 2011, ^[8] but the hotel continued as a going concern, run by Tifco Hotel Group, an Irish hotel management company. ^[9] in September 2012, it was voted the best resort in Ireland and the third best in Europe avCondé Nast Traveler. ^[9]

In October 2012, the hotel put up for sale and are valued at about 25 million €, the hotel is half of what Barrett paid in 2007. Currently 83 bedrooms, including six suites. Barrett’s plan to add another 13 penthouse bedrooms and 30 lodges in the castle grounds have not gone through. ^[9] In May 2013, people were the hotel was bought by Red Carnation Hotels, a group that owns several other boutique hotels, for € 20 million, the new the owner is planning a major refurbishment and the sale is expected to retain about 160 jobs (high season, dropped to 120 during the low season) ^[10] on the property.According to the receiver, Ashford Castle was profitable even during the period of bankruptcy. ^[11] Niall Rochford long time manager of the property, has said that the staff accepted a 20% to 30% paycut to ensure the hotel’s survival. ^[10]

In January 2014 to the new owners acquired the neighboring Lisloughrey Lodge, with plans to add resort. Ashford Castle itself was scheduled to open March 14 after major renovation that began in early January. ^{[12] [13]}

Today, most of the guests come from the US (60 percent, 30 percent in Ireland, 10 per cent from elsewhere)., With Californians account for the largest share of ^[10]

The castle was reopened in April 2015 following a major refurbishment. All 820 windows were replaced, a new management team installed ceiling and its stone targeted. Approximately € 47m was spent on restoring the property. ^[14]

In its time the castle has hosted many famous guests, including: King George V and his consort Queen Mary, John Lennon, George Harrison, Oscar Wilde (whose father, Sir William Wilde had an estate adjacent to Ashford, where the author spent a lot of his childhood); President Ronald Reagan, Prince Edward, Earl of Wessex, Senator Ted Kennedy, John Wayne, Brad Pitt, Pierce Brosnan, and Prince Rainier III of Monaco and his wife, Princess Grace.

2011 public road controversy

In September 2011, ordered Gerry Barrett of electric gates installed, and then shut down, blocking a centuries-old public right of way over a bridge near the castle. The road used daily by families living on the farm as well as locals.After a letter to the castle management asking for the right of way to re ignored, a group of 150 concerned locals and Ashford residents protesting against the blocking of the right way. The group was joined by local politicians and Éamon Ó CUÍV, TD ^[15] Barrett had previously tried to block the protest by charging a higher court injunction. ^[16]

Notes

1. ^ Jump up to: ^abcd Ministry of the Environment, Heritage and Local Government (2011). An Introduction to the Architectural Heritage of County Galway. pp. 100-101. ISBN 978-1-4064-2534-5.
2. Jump up ^ “estates database: Browne (Castlemagarret)”. NUI Galway.Hämtad22 May 2013.
3. Jump up ^ “estates database: Ashford Castle”. NUI Galway. Taken 22 maj2013.
4. ^ Jump up to: ^abc “Landed estates database: Guinness”. NUI Galway.Hämtad22 May 2013.
5. Jump up ^ “Moytura”. Galway.net.
6. Jump up ^ Egan, Claire (2 October 2007). “New owners at Ashford Castle”. Mayo News.
7. Jump up ^ “Can Nama hotel provides five-star treatment?”. Irish Times. February 26, 2010. Archived from the original December 4, 2010.
8. Jump up ^ “Ashford Castle goes into voluntary bankruptcy”.Galwaynews.ie. 29 November 2011. Archived from the original August 29, 2012.
9. ^ Jump up to: ^abc “Ashford Castle is on the market again.” Irish Times. On October 31, 2012. Archived from the original November 1, 2012.
10. ^ Jump up to: ^abc . Boland, Rosita (8 June 2013) “Niall Rochford, head of Ashford Castle, Cong, Co Mayo.” Irish Times. Archived from the original 20 Oct, 2013. Retrieved 16 August, 2013.
11. Jump up ^ Fagan, Jack (22 May 2013). “Ashford Castle Hotel Resort was sold for € 20m.” Irish Times. Archived from the original On 1 November, 2013. Retrieved 22 May 2013.
12. Jump up ^ Hancock, Ciarán (25 January 2014). “Ashford Castle owner buys neighboring Lisloughrey Lodge”. Irish Times. Retrieved March 26, 2014.
13. Jump up ^ Deegan, Gordon (13 March 2014). “Revamped Ashford Castle paid € 785,000 in fees.” Independent.ie. Retrieved March 26, 2014.
14. Jump up ^ “Ashford Castle completes its journey from bankruptcy to luxury restoration” .Irish Independent. 14 April 2015. Retrieved April 14, 2015.
15. Jump up ^ “Ó CUÍV goes Ashford Castle protest”. The Irish Times.Archived from the original September 26, 2011.
16. Jump up ^ “Ashford Castle secures injunction”. RTÉ.ie. 23 September 2011.

Achill Island (/ k æ əl /; Irish: Acaill, Oilean Acla ) in County Mayo is the largest island off Ireland, and is located off the west coast. It has a population of 2700. Its area is 148 km ² (57 sq mi). Achill is connected to the mainland by Michael Davitt Bridge, between the villages of Gob an Choire (Achill Sound) and Poll Raithní (Polranny). A bridge first completed here in 1887, replaced by another structure in 1949, and then replaced by the current bridge was completed in 2008. Other population centers include the villages of Keel, Dooagh, Dumha EIGE (Dooega), Dun Ibhir (Dooniver), The Valley and Dugort. Assembly head Gaelic football pitch and two high schools are on the mainland at Poll Raithní. Early settlements believed to have been formed on Achill around 3000 BC. A paddle dating from this period were found at the Crannog close Dookinella. The island is 87% bog. Parish of Achill also includes Curraun peninsula .Some of the people in Curraun consider themselves Achill people, and most residents of Achill refer to this area as “Achill”. There are between 500-600 native Irish speakers in Achill parish.During the summer of 1996 the RNLI decided to station a lifeboat on Kildownet.

History

It is believed that at the end of the Neolithic period (around 4000 BC), Achill had a population of 500-1000 people. The island would have been mostly forest until Neolithic people börjadeodling of crops. The settlement grew during the Iron Age, and the proliferation of small promontory fort along the coast indicate warlike character of the times. Megalithic tombs (see picture to the right) and fortresses can be seen at Slievemore, along the Atlantic Drive and Achillbeg.

Over

Achill Island is located in the Barony of Burrishoole in the territory of the old Umhall (Umhall Uactarach and Umhall Ioctarach), which originally covered an area stretching from Galway / Mayo border to Achill Head.

Hereditary chiefs Umhall was O’Malley, recorded in the area 814 AD when they successfully repelled an attack by the Vikings in Clew Bay. The Anglo-Norman invasion avConnacht in 1235 AD saw Umhall territory taken over by Butler and later by Burgos. Butler Burrishoole domination continued in the late 14th century when Thomas le Botiller registered as being in possession of Akkyll & Owyll.

Immigration

In the 17th and 18th centuries it was much migration to Achill from other parts of Ireland, particularly Ulster, because of the political and religious turmoil of the time. For a while there were two different dialects of Irish spoken on Achill. This led to many townlands registered as having two names during the 1824 Ordnance Survey, and some maps today give different names to the same place. Achill Ireland still has many traces of Ulster Irish.

Specific historical places and events

Grace O’Malley castle

Grace O’Malley’s Kildamhnait Castle is a 15th-century tower house in connection with the O’Malley Clan, which was once a ruling family of Achill.Grace O ‘Malley, or Granuaile, the most famous of the O’Malleys, was born on Clare Island around 1530. ^{[ citation needed ]} Her father was chief of the Barony of Murrisk. The O’Malley was a powerful shipping family, which are traded in a great extent. Grace was a fearless leader and became known as a sea captain and pirate. She is said to have met with Queen Elizabeth I in 1593. She died about 1603 and is buried in the O’Malley family tomb on Clare Island.

Achill Mission

One of Achill most famous historical sites, the Achill Mission or “colony” in Dugort. In 1831, the Church of Ireland minister Edward Nangle founded a missionary assignment in Dugort.Uppdraget included schools, homes, an orphanage, a medical center and a guest house. The colony was very successful for a time and produced a regular Journal called Achill Herald and western witness . Nangle extended its mission in Mweelin, where a school was built. Achill Mission began to decline slowly after Nangle moved from Achill and finally closed in 1880 talet.Nangle died 1883rd

Railway

1894 Westport – Newport railway line was extended to Achill Sound. The railway station is now a hostel. The train provided a great service to Achill, but it also fulfilled an old profetia.Brian Rua O ‘Cearbhain had prophesied that “chariots of iron wheels” would carry the bodies in Achill on their first and last trip. In 1894, the first train on Achill railway through the bodies of the victims of the Clew Bay Drowning. This tragedy occurred when a boat overturned in Clew Bay, drowning thirty youngsters. They had gone to meet the steamship that would take them to Scotland for potato picking.

Kirkintilloch Fire

The Kirkintilloch Fire in 1937 fulfilled the second part of the prophecy, when the bodies of ten victims were carried by rail to Achill. These people had died in a fire in a bothy in Kirkintilloch. This term refers to temporary housing for those who went to Scotland to pick potatoes, a walking pattern which was established in the early nineteenth century.

Kildamhnait

Kildamhnait on the southeast coast of Achill is named after St. Damhnait or Dymphna, who founded a church there in the 16th century. There is also a holy well just outside the cemetery. The present church was built in the 1700s and the cemetery contains memorials to the victims of two of Achill greatest tragedies, the Kirchintilloch Fire (1937) and Clew Bay Drowning (1894).

Monastery

In 1852, Dr. John MacHale, Archbishop of Tuam aside in Bunnacurry for the construction of a monastery. A Franciscan monastery was built for many years provided an education for local barn.Ruinerna of this monastery are still seen in Bunnacurry today.

The Valley House

The historic Valley House is located in The Valley, close to Dugort in the north-eastern part of Achill Island. The current building sits on the site of a hunting lodge built by the Earl of Cavan in the 19th century. Its fame stems from an incident in 1894 in which the then owner, an English hostess named Agnes McDonnell, was brutally beaten and the house on fire, allegedly by a local man, James Lynchehaun. Lynchehaun had been employed by McDonnell as her country agent, but the two fell out and he was fired and told to quit their accommodation on her property. A long legal battle ensued, with Lynchehaun refuses to leave. At that time, in the 1890s, the issue of land ownership in Ireland politically charged, and after the events at Valley House in 1894 Lynchehaun was to argue that his actions were motivated by politics. He escaped custody and fled to the United States, where he successfully defeated legal attempt by the British authorities to have him extradited to be prosecuted as a result of the attack and burning of the Valley House. Agnes McDonnell suffered terrible injuries from the attack but survived and lived for another 23 years, dying in 1923. Lynchehaun said to have returned to Achill on two occasions, once in disguise as an American tourist, and eventually died in Girvan, Scotland, in 1937 . the Valley House is now a hostel and bar.

The abandoned village

Near Dugort, at the foot of Slievemore Mountain is the abandoned village.There are some 80 destroyed houses in the village.

The houses were built of stone unmortared, which means that no cement or mortar used to hold the stones together. Each house consisted of only one room and this room was used as a kitchen, living room, bedroom and even stable.

If you look at the fields around the abandoned village and right up the mountain, you can see the tracks in the “lazy beds”, which is the way crops like potatoes grown. In Achill, as in many areas of Ireland, a system called “Rundale” used for agriculture. This meant that the land around the village was rented from a landlord. This land is then shared by all the villagers to graze their cattle and sheep. Each family would then have two or three small pieces of land scattered about the village, which they used to grow crops.

For many years people lived in the village and then in 1845 famine struck in Achill as it did in the rest of Ireland. Most of the families moved to the nearby village of Dooagh, located by the sea, while others emigrated. Living by the sea meant that seafood can be used for food. The village was completely deserted and that is where the name “Deserted Village” came from.

No one has lived in this house since the time of famine, but the families who moved to Dooagh and their descendants continued to use the village as a “Booley village”. This means that during the summer season, would the younger members of the family, teenage boys and girls, to take the cattle graze on the hillside, and they would stay in the houses in the abandoned village. This practice continued until the 1940s. Boolying was also performed in other parts of Achill, including Annagh on Croaghaun mountains and in Curraun.

On Ailt, Kildownet you can see the remains of a similar fate by. This village was in 1855 when the tenants were evicted by the local landlord so that land can be used for grazing cattle, the tenants were forced to lease holdings in Currane, Dooega and Slievemore. Others emigrated to America.

Archaeology

Achill Archaeological Field School is based on Achill Archaeology Centre in Dooagh, which has served as a catalyst for a wide range of archaeological research on the island. It was founded in 1991 and is a school for students in archeology and anthropology. Since 1991, several thousand students from 21 countries come to Achill to study and participate in the ongoing excavations. The school is involved in a study of prehistoric and historic landscapes of Slievemore, which contains a research excavations at a number of places in the deserted village of Slievemore. Slievemore is rich in archaeological monuments spanning the period from 5000 years from the Neolithic to the post medieval. ^[2] Recent archaeological research suggests the village was occupied year at least as early as the 19th century, but it is known to have served as a seasonal occupation Booley village of the first half of the 20th century. A Booley village (a number which is in a ruined state on the island) is a village occupied only during part of the year, such as a resort community, a lakeside community, or (where appropriate on Achill) a place to live while tend flocks or herds of ruminants during winter or summer grazing. ^[3] Specifically, some of the people in Dooagh and Pollagh would migrate in summer to Slievemore and then go back to Dooagh fall. In summer 2009 field school excavated Roundhouse 2 on Slievemore Mountain under the direction of archaeologist Stuart Rathbone. Only outside the north wall, the entrance way and the inside of the round house was completely excavated. ^[4]

From 2004 to 2006 Achill Island Marine Archaeology Project, directed by Chuck Meide was sponsored by the College of William and Mary, the Institute of Maritime, Achill Folklife Centre (now Achill Archaeology Centre), and the Lighthouse Archaeological Maritime Program (LAMP). This project focused on the documentation of archaeological resources related to Achill’s rich maritime heritage. Maritime archaeologists recorded 19th century fishing village, ice house and boathouse ruins, a number of anchors that had been salvaged from the sea, 19’s and later Currach pens, a number of traditional vernacular watercraft including a possible 100-year-old Achill yawl, and the remains of four historic shipwrecks . ^{[5] [6]}

Other points of interest

Despite some progress, the island retains a striking natural beauty. The cliffs of Croaghaun on the western part of the island is the third highest sea cliffs in Europe, but are inaccessible by road. Near the westernmost point of Achill, Achill Head, is Keem Bay. Keel Beach is quite popular among tourists and some locals as a surfing spot. South of Keem Beach ärMoytoge Head, with its rounded appearance drops dramatically down to the sea. An old British observation post, built during the First World War to prevent the Germans from unloading arms to the Irish Republican Army, is still on Moytoge. During World War II this post built by the Irish Defence Forces Look Out Post for Coast Watch service wing of the armed forces. It worked from 1939 to 1945. ^[7]

The mountain Slievemore (672 m) rises dramatically in the northern part of the island and the Atlantic Drive (along the south / west of the island), some dramatically beautiful views. On the slopes of Slievemore, is an abandoned village (the “Deserted Village”) the abandoned village is traditionally believed to be a relic from a village Gorta Mór (The Great Hunger of 1845-1849).

Just west of the abandoned village is an old Martello tower, again built by the British to warn of a possible French invasion during the Napoleonic Wars.The area also has about 5000 years old Neolithic tomb.

Achillbeg ( Acaill Beag , Little Achill ) is a small island just off the southern tip of Achill. Its inhabitants were relocated on Achill in the 1960s. ^[8] A plaque to Johnny Kilbane is on Achillbeg and was erected to celebrate 100 years since his first championship win. ^[9]

The villages Dooniver and Askill has very picturesque landscapes and the bike path is popular with tourists.

Caislean Ghráinne, also known as Kildownet castle, is a small tower house built in the early 1400s. ^[10] It is in Cloughmore, in the south of Achill Island.It is known for its associations with Grace O’Malley, along with greater Rockfleet castle in Newport.

Achill Island also has a coastal road along the southern part of the island with some beautiful views cliff.

Economy

While a number of attempts to establish small industrial units in the island has been made, the economy of the island is largely dependent on tourism.Subsidies from Achill people working abroad, especially in the UK, US and Africa leads many families to stay in Achill during the 19th and 20th centuries. ^{[ Citation needed ]} Since the advent of Ireland’s “Celtic Tiger” economy less Achill people were forced seek work abroad. agriculture plays a minor role and the fact that the island is mostly bog means that its potential for agriculture is limited largely sheep farming. In the past, fishing was a significant activity, but this aspect of the economy is small now. At one time the island was known for its shark fishing, basking in particular was fished for its valuable liver oil. There was a big spurt of growth in tourism in the 1960s and 1970s before the life was hard and difficult on the island. Despite the healthy visitor numbers per year, is the common perception that tourism in Achill has slowly declined since its heyday. Currently the largest employers on Achill are two hotels. ^[11] In late 2009, Ireland’s only Turbot farm opens in Bunnacurry Business Park.

Religion

Most people on Achill are either Catholic or Anglican (Church of Ireland).There are three priests on Achill and eight churches ^{[ clarification needed ]} in total.

• Catholic:
  • Bunnacurry Church (St. Joseph)
  • The Valley Church; Open only for certain events.
  • Dookinella Church
  • Currane Church
  • Pollagh Church
  • Derreens Church
  • Dooega Church
  • Belfarsed Church
  • Achill Sound Church
• Church of Ireland:
  • Dugort Church (St. Thomas Church)
  • Innisbiggle Island church

Training

Hedge schools were in most villages in Achill in different periods of history.A university founded by the missions to Achill in Mweelin. In modern times, there used to be two high schools in Achill, Mc Hale College and Scoil Damhnait. But in August 2011, the two schools merged to form Pobail Coláiste Acla. For primary schools, there are nine national schools including Bull Dartmouth NS, NS Valley, Bunnacurry NS, Dookinella NS, Dooagh NS, Saulia NS, Achill Sound NS, Tonragee NS and NS Curanne. National schools closed include Dooega NS, NS Crumpaun, Ashleam NS.

Transport

• Achill railway station was opened May 13, 1895, but finally closed on October 1, 1937. ^[12]
• The Great Western Greenway is a greenway rail trail that follows the line of the former Midland Great Western Railway branch line from Westport to Achill through Newport and Mulranny. ^[13] It has proven to be very successful in attracting visitors Achill and the surrounding areas.
• Bus Eireann 440 daily commute to Westport and then from the islands scattered villages.
• Bus Eireann provides transport for those areas that secondary school children
• There are many Taxicab and Hackney carriage services on the island

Cuisine

As a popular tourist destination Achill has many bars, cafes and restaurants offering a full range of food. But the island’s Atlantic City seafood is a specialty at Achill with common foods including lobster, mussels, salmon, trout and winkles. With a large sheep population Achill lamb a very popular meal on the island too. Moreover, Achill a large population of cows that produce excellent beef. ^{[ Citation needed ]}

Sports

Achill has a Gaelic football club competing in the championship and Division 1C Mayo League. There are also Achill Rovers who play in Mayo Association Football League. ^[14] and Achill Golf Club. ^{[ Citation needed ]} Card games, inklusiveWhist and 24 card game is also popular on Achill. ^{[ Citation needed ]} The island’s main leisure outdoor center Achill Outdoor Education Centre . ^[15] Achill Island barren landscape and the surrounding sea provides an ideal location for outdoor activities such as surfing, kite-surfing and sea kayaking. Fishing and water sports are popular among tourists and locals alike. Regattas featuring a local vessel, Achill Yawl, have been popular since the 19th century, although most of the current dinghies, unlike their traditional working boat ancestors, have been structurally modified to encourage increased speed under sail. The island’s waters and stunning underwater sites sometimes frequented by divers, but Achill unpredictable weather in general has prevented a commercially successful recreational diving industry.

Population

In 2011 the population was 2569. The island’s population has declined from about 6,000 before the Great Hunger.

Demography

The table below presents data on Achill Island population is taken from theDiscover Islands Ireland (Alex Ritsema, Collins Press, 1999), and the census of Ireland.

Architecture

The “Deserted Village” at the foot of Slievemore was a Booley village;seTranshumance

The location of the village is relatively protected

The most famous of these earlier seen in “Deserted Village” Ruins near the cemetery at the foot of Slievemore. Even the houses of the village form a relatively comfortable class of residence, even as recently as a hundred years ago, some people still use “Beehive” style house (small circular single-roomed dwellings with a hole in the roof to let out smoke).

Many of the oldest and most picturesque inhabited cottages are from operations in the Congested District Board for Ireland -a body set up around the turn of the 20th century in Ireland to improve the welfare of the residents of small villages and towns. Most of the houses in Achill at the time was very small and tightly packed together in villages. CDB subsidized the construction of new, more spacious (but still small by modern standards) home outside the traditional villages.

Some of the recent building (1980 onwards) on the island fits so nicely into the landscape as the previous style whitewashed raised gable houses. Many homes have been built, but many of these houses have been built in prominent scenic areas and has damaged the traditional view of the island lying empty for most of the year.

Notable people

• Charles Boycott (1832-1897) – unpopular landowner from whom the term boycott arose.
• The artist Paul Henry stayed on the island for a number of years in the early 1900s.
• Thomas Patten from Dooega died during the siege of Madrid in December 1936th
• English writer Honor Tracy lived there until his death in 1989
• Singer James Kilbane live on the island.

Literature

Heinrich Böll: Irisches Tagebuch , Berlin 1957
Kingston, Bob: the deserted village of Slievemore , Castlebar 1990
McDonald Theresa: Achill: 5000 BC to 1900 AD Archaeology History Folklore , IAS Publications [1992]
Meehan, Rose: The Story of Mayo , Castlebar 2003
Carney, James: Playboy & Yellow lady 1986 Poolbeg ^[16] Hugo Hamilton Island Talking, ^[17] in 2007, Kevin Barry: Beatlebone 2015

See also

• Achillbeg
• Achill oysters
• Achill Sound
• A skill
• Bunnacurry
• Connaught Irish
• Darren Fletcher
• Dooagh
• Dooniver
• gallowglass
• Innisbiggle
• James Kilbane
• Kevin Kilbane
• List of RNLI stations
• Mid West Radio
• Nevin (surname)
• Saula
• Wild Atlantic Way

References

1. Jump up ^ “Island Change in population, 1841 – 2011”. 28 January 2013.
2. Jump up ^ “Achill Archaeological Field School 2009”. Achill Archaeological Field School . Archived from the original The 28 February 2009. Retrieved March 7, 2009.
3. Jump up ^ deserted village, Slievemore, Achill Island , achill247.com Retrieved February 17, 2008.
4. Jump up ^ Amanda Burt, a member of Achill Field School, summer 2009.
5. Jump up ^ “Achill Island Marine Archaeology Project | Institute of Maritime History “. Maritimehistory.org. February 20, 2012. Hämtat20 March 2012.
6. Jump up ^ “Meide, Chuck and Kathryn Sikes (2014) Manipulating Maritime Cultural Landscape: Vernacular Boats and economic relations in the nineteenth century Achill Island, Ireland Maritime Journal 9 (1).115-141 “. 18 June 2014. Retrieved 18 June 2014.
7. Jump up ^ See Michael Kennedy, “Protection Neutral Ireland (Dublin, 2008), p. 50
8. Jump up ^ Jonathan Beaumont (2005), Achillbeg: The Life of an island , ISBN 0-85361-631-0
9. Jump up ^ “Login to Facebook – Facebook.” Facebook .
10. Jump up ^ “Irish Castles Grace O’Malley.” Www.mythandlegends.net .Pulled 06/13/2016.
11. Jump up ^ “Achill Island (Co. Mayo)”. Irelandbyways.com. Retrieved 20 March 2012.
12. Jump up ^ “Achill station” (PDF). Railscot – Irish Railways . Archive (PDF) from the original September 26, 2007 is taken. Eight September of 2007.
13. Jump up ^ “Home.” Great Western Greenway . Retrieved ten August 2011.
14. Jump up ^ FAI Club Portal for Achill Rovers
15. Jump up ^ Dave Jordan. “Achill Outdoor”.
16. Jump up ^ James Carney. “The Playboy & yellow lady”. Open Library.Retrieved 20 March 2012.
17. Jump up ^ island Talking Hugo Hamilton in the footsteps of Heinrich Böll, 50 years after