victoriasway.eu

Portrush  (from Irish:  Port Rois  meaning “cape port”)  ^[2]  is a small seaside town in County Antrim, Northern Ireland, on the County Londonderry border. The main part of the old town, including the railway station and most hotels, restaurants and bars, is built on a mile-long peninsula, Ramore Head, pointing north-northwest. It had a population of 6.454 people, as measured by the 2011 Census. During the off-season, Portrush is a bedroom community for the nearby campus of the University of Ulster in Coleraine. It neighbors the resort Port.

The city is known for its three sandy beaches, West Beach, East Beach and white stones, as well as Royal Portrush Golf Club, the only golf club outside mainland Britain which has hosted the Open Championship.

It was the base for  Katie Hannan  (this life boat was damaged in 2008 after running aground during a rescue on Rathlin Island, now based as a training boat for RNLI), a Severn class lifeboat and  Ken and Mary  , a D class coast by RNLI lifeboat. Lifeboats have operated from Portrush Harbour since 1860, and currently stationed there’s Severn Class William Gordon Burr  and D-class coaster David Roulston  .

Portrush is in the East Londonderry constituency of the UK Parliament and Northern Ireland Assembly.

History

A number of flint tools were found during the late nineteenth century shows that the location of Portrush occupied during “Larnian” (late Irish Mesolithic) period,  ^[4]  Latest estimates to date to about 4000 BC.  ^[5]

The location of Portrush, with its excellent natural defenses, was probably a permanent solution around the 12 or 13 century. A church is known to have been on Ramore Head at this time, but no part of it survives now. From the records of the papal taxation in 1306, the Portrush Church – seems to have been quite wealthy – and by extension the village. The cape also held two castles, with varying periods. The first of these, Caislean an Teenie, believed to have been on top of Ramore Head, and probably destroyed in the late 16th century; the second, Portrush castle may have been built around the time of the Plantation of Ulster in the early 17th century. Nothing survives either castle.  ^[6]

As a result of the war the Three Kingdoms in the middle of the seventeenth century, became Portrush a small fishing village. It grew considerably during the nineteenth century as a tourist destination, after opening avjärnvägsBallyMena, Ballymoney, Coleraine and Portrush Junction in 1855, and at the turn of the twentieth century has become one of the biggest tourist destinations in Ireland, with a number of large hotels and guesthouses, including prominent Northern Counties Hotel. Like the city’s beaches and Royal Portrush Golf Club (opened 1888), the nearby Giant’s Causeway was a popular tourist destination, with the Giant’s Causeway Tramway – at that time one of the world’s longest electrified railways – building in 1893 to cater to travelers coming from Portrush.

The city’s fortunes peaked in the late nineteenth century and early twentieth century, and declined after World War II with the growth of foreign travel. It escaped any involvement in the Troubles until August 6, 1976, when a series of bombings of buildings burned and destroyed several buildings, but without loss of life.  ^[7]  In a second attack in April 1987, two officers of the Royal Ulster Constabulary (RUC) was shot in the back by the provisional Irish Republican army while on foot patrol on Main Street.  ^[8]

Demography

Portrush is classified as a small town in the Northern Ireland Statistics and Research Agency (NISRA)  ^[9]  (ie with population between 4,500 and 10,000 people). 2011 Census recorded that there were 6.454 people living in Portrush. Of these:

• 18.89% were younger than 16 years, and 25.11% were aged 60 and over
• 48.22% of the population were male and 51.78% were women
• 20.8% listed their religion as Catholic, 50.8% were of Protestant denomination, and 14% said no religion.
• 4.97% of the population aged 16-74 were unemployed.

For more information, see :. Northern Ireland Neighbourhood Information Service  ^[10]

Tourist attractions

• Attractions in the city include the “coastal zone” (formerly Portrush Countryside Centre),  ^[11]  Waterworld swimming complex, and, in the outskirts of the city, the ties between the Royal Portrush Golf Club, which hosted the 1951 British Open Golf Championship and Ballyreagh golf course. At the 1951 British Open Golf Championship young star Derek McLachlan won the hearts of the local crowd when he led the third day with 3 kind only to run out of bounds twice on the last day of the open and finished tied for 8th place.
• There are two long sandy beaches in the city, the so-called Western and Eastern Beach. White Rocks and Curran Strand stretch on from the East Strand and are backed by sand dunes. The coast continues past Dunluce Castle to Giant’s Causeway (it was once possible to travel to these attractions from Portrush at the Giant’s Causeway Tramway). A 13-foot high bronze sculpture,  ^[12] inspired by local traditional sail boats, located at East Beach ( “for the people of the sea” by Cork-based sculptor Holger Lönze).
• Portrush is home to one of Northern Ireland’s most famous nightclubs.Kelly complex consists of a multitude of bars and clubs and is Northern Ireland’s biggest nightclub complex.  ^{[ Citation needed ]}  There are nightclub Lush!  Like attracts many of the world’s top DJ and host BBC Radio 1 events.  
• Portrush is also home to Barry’s Amusements, the largest amusement park in Northern Ireland. The actor James Nesbitt once worked in Barry.
• The inserts, a collection of stones lying just off the coast, is an important habitat for several species, some unique to Northern Ireland.
• Portrush parkrun is a free, weekly, timed 5 km runs along the East Strand beach to the White Rocks and back.  ^[13]

Events

• Portrush hosted an annual air show in early September.  ^[14]
• The RNLI raft race is a popular annual event. This is a popular game show where contestants must build a raft that can travel from West Strand beach in Portrush Harbour. The race has been on Northern Ireland News broadcasts in several years. The event is a great credit to the RNLI’s popularity in the region.  ^[15]
• The North West 200 is a motorcycle race that runs through Port, Coleraine and Portrush each May, a prolonged tourist attraction that has attracted audience of over 150,000 in recent years.  ^[16]  The late brothers Joey Dunlop and Robert Dunlop have been regular winners at the races : they hold the record for most wins, thirteen and fifteen respectively.

Training

The following schools in Portrush:  ^{[ citation needed ]}  

• Portrush Primary School  : an elementary school with a nursery unit at Crocnamac Road. The school educates about 250 students aged 4-11.Portrush Primary founded 1959th
• Carnalridge Primary School  : back in 2010 by ex-student and professional golfer Graeme McDowell.  ^{[ Citation needed ]}  
• Mill Strand Integrated Primary School  .
• St Patricks Primary School  .

People

• LGBT Activist Mark Ashton lived here.  ^[17]
• Golfer Darren Clarke, winner of the Open Championship 2011, live in Portrush.
• Fred Daly, golfer, winner of the 1947 Open Championship
• Golfer Graeme McDowell, who was the first Irishman to win the US Open, born in Portrush.

Sports

• Royal Portrush Golf Club. The only place outside of mainland Britain to host the British Open. 2011 British Open champion Darren Clarke is the resident professional clubs, and live in Portrush.
• Portrush Hockey Club
• The Northern Ireland Milk Cup uses Parker Avenue in Portrush as one of the venues for the tournament, and many teams stay within the city itself.
• All three Portrush beaches often used by water sports enthusiasts, especially surfers and bodyboarders
• Coleraine afford to maintain tennis courts, bowling greens and a playground on Ramore Head.
• Fishing is popular from land or at sea, Causeway Lass fishing boat available for rent at the harbor.

Transport

Portrush railway station was inaugurated December 4, 1855 and closed for freight September 20, 1954. The station is the last stop on the Coleraine-Portrush railway line, where travelers can connect with trains to Derry, Belfastoch outside.  ^[18]

Portrush is a busy seaside resort, with a frequent train service run by Northern Ireland Railways contact with Ulsterbus services related to Bushmills and the Giant’s Causeway.

See also

• List of RNLI stations
• Stewart

References

1. Jump up ^ Dunluce Castle NI US Department of the Environment.Retrieved 21 September 2012.
2. Jump up ^ placental Database of Ireland
3. Jump up ^  “Portrush chapel, Ireland”. Wesleyan Juvenile Offer. London.Wesleyan Methodist Missionary Society  VII : March 31, 1850 is taken.Nineteen November 2015.
4. Jump up ^ JSTOR 25506293, p. 244; JSTOR 25513788, p. 238-242
5. Jump up ^ JSTOR 25800527, p. 249
6. Jump up^http://www.qub.ac.uk/schools/CentreforArchaeologicalFieldworkCAF/PDFFileStore/Filetoupload,274001,en.pdf
7. Jump up ^ Cain: Chronology of the conflict, 1976
8. Jump up ^ Cain: Chronology of the conflict, 1987
9. Jump up ^  “Northern Ireland Statistics and Research Agency website.”
10. Jump up ^ Northern Ireland Neighbourhood Information Service website.
11. Jump up ^  “Education in the coastal areas Portrush”. UK: DOENI.Retrieved 19 August 2014.  External link to (help) | publisher =
12. Jump up ^  “East Strand Portrush artworks website”.
13. Jump up ^  http://www.parkrun.org.uk/portrush/.  Missing or empty (help) | title =
14. Jump up ^  “Northern Ireland International Air Show website”.
15. Jump up ^  “Portrush Royal National sea rescue site.”
16. Jump up ^ BBC News
17. Jump up ^ Doward, Jamie (21 September 2014). “The real triumph gay communist behind the hit movie Pride”. The Guardian.
18. Jump up ^  “Portrush station” (PDF). Railscot – Irish Railways.Retrieved 28 August of 2007.

The  Old Bushmills Distillery  is a distillery in Bushmills, County Antrim, Northern Ireland. As of December 2014, it was in the process of moving from ownership of Diageo plc to Jose Cuervo. All whiskey bottled under the Bushmills whiskey brand is produced in Bushmills Distillery and uses water drawn from Saint Columb’s Rill, which is a tributary of the River Bush. The distillery is a popular tourist attraction, with around 120,000 visitors per year.

The company that originally built the distillery was founded in 1784, but the date of 1608 is printed on the label of the brand -. Referring to an earlier time when a royal license was granted to a local landowner to distill whiskey in the area  ^{[1] [2]}  for different periods of closure in its recent history, the distillery has been in continuous operation since it was built after a fire in 1885. 

History

The area has a long tradition of distillation. According to one story, as far back as 1276, called an early settler Sir Robert Savage of Ards, before defeating the Irish in battle, strengthened their troops with “a mighty drop acqua vitae”.  ^[3]  In 1608, a license was granted Sir Thomas Phillipps by king James in distilling whiskey.  ^[4]

for the next seven years, in countie of Colrane, otherwise known as O Cahanes countrey, or within territorie called Rowte in Antrim by himselfe or his servauntes, to do, ho, and distill these and SOE large amounts aqua penalty, usquabagh and aqua composita, that he or his assignes shall thinke fitt; and the same to sell, vent and dispose of all people, yerelie yeeldinge Somme 13s 4d …

Bushmills Old Distillery Company itself was not established until 1784 by Hugh Anderson.  ^[1]  Bushmills suffered many lean years with many periods of closure with no information about the distillery in operation in official records in both 1802 and 1822. In 1860, Belfast spirit merchant Jame McColgan and Patrick Corrigan bought the distillery; In 1880 they formed a limited liability company. In 1885, the original Bushmills buildings were destroyed in a fire, but the distillery quickly rebuilt. In 1890, a steamer owned and operated by the distillery, the SS  Bushmills  , made its maiden voyage across the Atlantic to deliver Bushmills whiskey to America. It is called the Philadelphia and New York before heading to Singapore, Hong Kong, Shanghai and Yokohama.

In the early 20th century, the US was a very important market for Bushmills (and other Irish whiskey producers). American Prohibition in 1920 came as a huge blow to Irish Whiskey industry, but Bushmills managed to survive.Wilson Boyd, Bushmills’ manager at the time, predicted the end of the ban and had large stores of whiskey ready to export. After World War II the distillery was bought by Isaac Wolfson, and in 1972 it was taken over by Irish Distillers, which means that Irish Distillers controlled the production of all Irish whiskey at the time. In June 1988, Irish Distillers was acquired by French spirits group Pernod Ricard.

In June 2005, the distillery was bought by Diageo for £ 200 million. Diageo has also announced a major advertising campaign to regain market share for Bushmills.

In May 2008, Bank of Ireland issued a new series of sterling banknotes in Northern Ireland, all of which have an illustration of the Old Bushmills Distillery on the front page, replacing the previous notes series which depicted Queen’s University in Belfast.  ^{[5] [6]} 

In November 2014 it was announced that Diageo was trading Bushmills brand Jose Cuervo in exchange for 50% of Don Julio tequila brand Diageo does not already own. The transaction is expected to be completed in early 2015.  ^[7]

Current whiskey range

• Bushmills Original – Irish whiskey blend is sometimes called the Black Bush, Bushmills White Label. Grain whiskey is stored in American oak barrels.
• Black Bush – has a significantly higher proportion of malt to grain whiskey than the white label. Spanish Oloroso sherry seasoned oak casks mature malt.
• Bushmills 10 years single malt – Matured in American bourbon and Oloroso sherry casks for at least 10 years.
• Bushmills 12 years single malt – A special edition is currently sold only at Bushmills Distillery, mostly matured in sherry casks.
• Bushmills 16 years single malt – Matured for 16 years or more in a combination of American bourbon, Spanish Oloroso sherry butts and Port tubes.
• Bushmills 21 years single malt – A limited number of 21 years bottles are made each year, and stored on three different types of barrels: first in American bourbon barrels and then in Spanish Oloroso sherry casks.Together it will be 19 years in these containers, after which it can be in Madeira barrels for another two years until bottling.
• Bushmills 1608: A special 400th anniversary whiskey. From February 2008 there Bushmills outlets around the world; But from 2009 it will be available only in Whiskey Shop distillery and duty free shops.  ^[8]
• Bushmills Sherry Cask Single Malt -. A special edition, the first in the “Steamship Collection”, available only in Belfast, Dublin and London Heathrow Airport  ^[9]  Matured in Oloroso sherry casks.

Criticism

Some Bushmills has performed well at international Spirit ratings competitions. In particular, the Black Bush Finest blended whiskey received double gold medals at the 2007 and 2010 San Francisco World Spirits competition.  ^[10] There was also a well-above-average 93 points from the Beverage Testing Institute in 2008 and 2011.  ^[10]

In popular culture

• The band NOFX mentions Bushmills in the song “Theme from a NOFX Album” of 2000 release  Pump Up The Valuum
• Tom Waits mentions “Old Bushmills” in the song “Tom Traubert Blues” (also covered by Rod Stewart)
• In the third season episode of  The Wire  , the Back Burner, Jimmy McNulty refers to Bushmills “Protestant whiskey” when he offered after that Jameson is available
• Burt Reynolds plays a police lieutenant in the 1975 film  Hustle  whose favorite alcohol Bushmills
• In 1982, the film  ‘s Cathedral  , the Paul Newman character Frank Gavin orders Bushmills and water at his neighborhood pub
• In the Rescue Me series seasons 1-7, the Bushmills whiskey shared the common and favorite of the entire Irish Gavin family and referred to in at least ten episodes

See also

• Irish whiskey
• List of Irish whiskey brands
• Whiskey
• Barrel
• Distillation
• List of oldest companies
• master mixer
• Diageo

References

Notes

1. ^ Jump up to: ^{a b} Old Bushmills History (official website)
2. Jump up ^ Alternative Whisky Academy
3. Jump up ^ Ray Foley (1 January 2006). The best Irish drinks. Source, Inc., p. 2. ISBN 978-1-4022-0678-8. Hämtasoch 31 October of 2010.
4. Jump up ^ George Hill (1877). A history of the plantation in Ulster in the early seventeenth century, from 1608 to 1620. M’Caw, Stevenson & Orr. p. 393rd Retrieved 31 October of 2010.
5. Jump up ^  “Bank of Ireland to present the Old Bushmills Distillery in Northern Ireland a new issue of banknotes”. Bank of Ireland. 02.11.2008.Hämtas2016 / 03 / 07th
6. Jump up ^  “Bank raises glass to the famous drink”. BBC News. .Hämtas 04/23/2008 10/30/2008.
7. Jump up ^ Taylor, Charlie (11.03.2014). “Jose Cuervo to acquire Bushmills from Diageo”. The Irish Times. Pulled 03/11/2014.
8. Jump up ^ Bushmills kick-starting 400th anniversary campaign
9. Jump up ^ [1]
10. ^ Jump up to: ^{a b} Product review of Bushmills Black Bush Irish Finest blended whiskey

Lough Neagh  , (pronounced / ˌ l ɒ xn eɪ /,  lokh ja  ) is a freshwater lake in Northern Ireland. The largest lake by area in the British Isles, deliver the 40% of Northern Ireland’s water.  ^{[3] [4]}  Its name comes from the Irish:  Loch nEachach  , which means “Lake of Eachaidh”, but today it is usually spelled Loch nEathach  (Irish : [ɫ̪ɔx n̠ʲahax].) in Irish  ^[5]  Lough owned by the Earl of Shaftesbury. 

Geography 

With an area of 151 square miles (392 km  ²  ), it is the largest lake on the island of Ireland, the 15th largest lake in the European Union  ^{[3] [4]}  and is ranked 31 in the list of largest lakes of Europe. Located 20 miles (30 km) west of Belfast, is about 20 miles (30 km) long and nine miles (15 km) wide. It is very shallow around the margins and the average depth in the main part of the lake (9 m), about 30 feet, although the lough deepest is about 80 feet (25m) deep. 

Hydrology

Of the 1760 square miles (4550 km  ²  ) catchment, about 9% is located in Ireland and 91% in Northern Ireland,  ^[6]  a total of 43% of the land area of Northern Ireland is drained into Lough,  ^[7]  which itself flows out northwards to the sea via the River Bann. As one of the sources, the upper Bann Lough can itself be considered as part of Bann. Lough Neagh is fed by many tributaries, including the rivers  Main  (34 mi) Six Mile Water (21 ml), Upper Bann (40 mi) Blackwater (57 mi) Ballinderry (29 mi) and Moyola (31 mi)  ^[8]

Islands and peninsulas

• Coney Island
• Coney Island Flat
• Flat Croaghan
• Derrywarragh Island
• Flat Kinturk
• Oxford Island (peninsula)
• Padian
• Ram Island
• Phil Roe plate
• The shallow Flat
• Traad (peninsula)

Towns and Villages

Towns and villages near the Lough include Craigavon, Antrim, Crumlin, Randalstown, Toomebridge, Ballyronan, Ballinderry, Moortown, Ardboe, Maghery, Lurgan and Magherafelt.

County

Five of the six counties of Northern Ireland have shores on Lough (only Fermanagh does not), and its area is shared among them. Counties listed clockwise:

1. Antrim (eastern and northern shores of the lake)
2. Down (small part in the southeast)
3. Armagh (south)
4. Tyrone (west)
5. Londonderry (northern part of the western shore)

municipal Districts

The area of the lake is divided between four municipal districts in Northern Ireland, listed clockwise:  ^[9]

• 3 Antrim and Newtownabbey, in northeastern
• 4 Lisburn and Castlereagh, east
• 6 Armagh, Banbridge and Craigavon, in the south
• 9 Mid Ulster in the west

applications

Although the Lough is used for a variety of recreational and commercial activities, it is fragile and tends to get very serious very quickly in windy conditions.

Water supply

Lough used by Northern Ireland Water as a source of fresh water. The Lough supplies 40% of the region’s drinking water. There have long been plans to increase the amount of water drawn from the Lough, through a new treatment plant works at Hog Park Point, but these have not yet been realized. The Lough ownership of the Earl of Shaftesbury has implications for planned changes in government domestic water services in Northern Ireland,  ^[10]  that the lough is also used as a sewer outlet, and this arrangement is only permitted by the British Crown immunity.  ^{[ Citation needed ]} In 2012 it was reported that Earl considering transferring ownership of Lough to the Northern Ireland Assembly.  ^[11]  

Navigation

Traditional working boats on Lough Neagh include wide beamed from 4.9 to 6.4 meters (16 to 21 feet) clinker-built, Spirits-rigged working boats and smaller flat-bottomed “cots” and “flats”. Barges, here called “lighters” was used until the 1940s to transport coal over the lough and adjacent canals.Until the 17th century, log boats (  coití  ) were the main mode of transportation. Some traditional boats are left now, but a community-based group on the southern shore of the lough is based on a range of workboats. ^[12]

In the 19th century, three canals were constructed with the help of the lough to connect various ports and cities: Lagan Navigation link from the city of Belfast, the Newry Canal Attached to the port of Newry, and the Ulster canal led to Lough Erne navigation, providing a navigable inland route via the river Shannon to Limerick, Dublin and Waterford. Lower Bann was also navigable to Coleraine and the Antrim coast, and the short Coalisland Canal as a route for coal transportation. Of these waterways, only the lower Bann remains open today, although a recovery plan for the Ulster Canal is underway.

Lough Neagh Rescue provides search and rescue services 24 hours a day. It is a voluntary service funded by the district bordering the Lough. Its members are well trained and is a declared facility for Coast Guard coordinates rescue on Lough Neagh.

Bird-watching

Lough Neagh attracts bird watchers from many nations due to the number and variety of birds that winter and summer in the bogs and beaches around the lough.

Flora

The flora of the northeastern part of Northern Ireland contains algae:  Chara aspera  ,  Chara globe  . Each  sphere  ,  Chara globe  . Where  virgate  ,  Chara vulgaris  . Where  vulgaris  ,  Chara vulgaris  var.  Papillata  ,  Tolypella nidifica  each.  Slick  .  ^{[13] The}  record of Angiospermae include:  ranunculus flammula  . was  pseudoreptans  ,  ranunculus auricomus  ,  Ranunculatus sceleratus  ,  Ranunculatus circinatus  ,  Ranunculatus peltatus  ,  extended box  ,  coastline box  . subsp  minus  ,  Nymphaea alba  ,  Ceratophyllum demersum  ,  sylörter water  ,  Erophila Verna  . sub  samples  ,  Cuckooflower  , lundbräsma  ,  Cardamine flexuosa  ,  sumpfräne  ,  fran amphibian  , mignonette  ,  sweet violet  ,  herb pansy  ,  Viola tricolor  ssp.  Violoa tricolor ssp.  curtissi  ,  hypericum androsaemum  ,  Hypericum maculatum  ,  Elatine hydro  ,  Silene vulgaris  ,  Rödblära  ,  SOAPWORT  ,  ^[13]

Fishing

Eel fishing has been a major industry in Lough Neagh for centuries. These European eel get from the Sargasso Sea in the Atlantic Ocean, about 4,000 miles along the Gulf Stream to the mouth of the River Bann, and then get into the lough. They remain there for about 10 to 15 years, matures, before returning to the Sargasso to spawn. Today Lough Neagh eel fisheries export their eels to restaurants all over the world, and Lough Neagh Eel has been granted protected geographical status under EU law.  ^[14]

Mythology and folklore

The Irish mythical story  Cath Maige Tuired  ( “Battle of Moytura”), is Lough Neagh known as one of the top 12 Loughs in Ireland.  ^[15]  The origin of the lake and its name is explained in an Irish tale that was written down in the Middle Ages, but is probably pre-Christian.  ^{[16] [17]}  According to the tale, the lake is named after Echaid (modern spelling: Eochaidh or Eachaidh), who was the son of Mairid (Mairidh), a king of Munster. Echaid falls in love with his stepmother, a young woman named Ébliu (Ébhlinne). They try to escape, along with many of its holder, but someone kills their horses. In some versions, the horses are killed by Midir (Midhir), which can be another name for Ébliu husband Mairid.Óengus (Aonghus) will appear and provide them with a huge horse that can carry all their belongings. Óengus warning that they must not let the horse rest or it will be their downfall. But after reaching the Ulster horse stop and urinate, and a spring rising from the site. Echaid decides to build a house there and cover the spring with a cornerstone to stop it overflowing. One night Capstone is not replaced and spring flooding, drowning Echaid and most of his family, and to create  Loch n-Echach  (  Loch nEachach  : Lake Eochaidh or Eachaidh).  ^{[16] [17]}  

The character Eochaidh refers to the Daghdha, a god of the ancient Irish also called Eochaidh Ollathair (which means “horsemen, father of all”).  ^[17] Ébhlinne, Midhir and Aonghus was also the names of the gods. Mary McGrath and Joan Griffith writes that the idea of a supernatural being create the landscape with their own body is an old man that is common to many pre-Christian cultures.  ^[17]  A Gaelic September called UI Eachach (which means “descendants of Eochaidh”) lived in area and it is likely that their name comes from the cult of the god Eochaidh.  ^[16]

Another story tells how the lake was formed when Ireland’s legendary giant Fionn mac Cumhaill (Finn McCool) scooped up a bit of earth and threw it at a Scottish rival. It fell into the Irish Sea, form the Isle of Man, while the crater left behind filled with water to form the Lough Neagh.  ^[18]

See also

• List of Loughs in Ireland
• Lough Beg
• Portmore Lough

References

1. Jump up ^ Naijural Heirship: Peat Moss NI Environment and Heritage Service.
2. Jump up ^ org
3. ^ Jump up to: ^{a b} Official Tourism Ireland website
4. ^ Jump up to: ^{a b} com
5. Jump up ^ Deirdre Flanagan and Laurance Flanagan, Irish placenta (Gill & Macmillan Ltd, 1994)
6. Jump up ^  “Lough Neagh.” UK Environmental Change Network.Retrieved 4 March 2012.
7. Jump up ^ Northern Ireland Rivers Agency
8. Jump up ^ Ordnance Survey of Ireland :  Rivers and their watersheds, 1958 (table reference)
9. Jump up ^ nisra.gov.uk
10. Jump up ^  “Sudden death can affect NI Water”. BBC News. 19 May 2005.
11. Jump up ^  “Earl of Shaftesbury does not exclude Lough Neagh sale”.BBC News.
12. Jump up ^ Lough Neagh Boating Heritage Association
13. ^ Jump up to: ^{a b} Hackney, P. 1992.  Stewart & Corry Flora in northeastern Ireland.  Third Edition. Institute of Irish Studies, The Queen’s University of Belfast. ISBN 0 85389 446 9
14. Jump up ^ official list of UK protected foods. Taken Accessed 15 christmas 2011.
15. Jump up ^ Augusta, Lady Gregory. Part I of Book III: the great battle of Magh Tuireadh.  Gods and Fighting Men  (1904) on Sacred-Texts.com.
16. ^ Jump up to: ^{a b c} Ó hÓgáin, Daithi.  Myth, Legend & Romance: An Encyclopedia of the Irish folk tradition  . Prentice Hall Press, 1991. p.181
17. ^ Jump up to: ^{a b c d} Mary McGrath, Joan C. Griffith.  The Irish Draught Horse: A History  . Collins, 2005. p.44
18. Jump up ^ Lough Neagh Heritage: Folklore & Legends

Carrickfergus Castle  is a Norman castle in Northern Ireland, which is located in the town of Carrickfergus in County Antrim, on the north shore of Belfast Lough. Besieged in turn by denskotska, Irish, English and French, the castle played an important military role until 1928 and is still one of the best preserved medieval buildings in Northern Ireland. It was strategically good, with 3/4 of the castle perimeter surrounded by water (even in modern times only 1/3 is surrounded by water because of clearance). Today it is maintained by the Northern Ireland Environment Agency as a state care historic monument, at grid ref: J4143 8725th  ^[1]

Origins

Carrickfergus built by John de Courcy in 1177 as its headquarters, after he conquered eastern Ulster in 1177 and ruled as a petty king until 1204, when he was overthrown by another Norman adventurer, Hugh de Lacy. Initially they Courcy built the Interior Department, a small courtyard at the end of the promontory with a high polygonal wall and east gate. It had several buildings, including the main hall. From its strategic location on a promontory, originally almost surrounded by sea, commanded the castle Carrickfergus Bay (later known as the Belfast Lough), and the ground approaching the walled city developed in its shadows.

English control

It first appears in the official English records in 1210 when King John besieged it and took control of the then Ulster main strategic garrison. After his capture, constables were appointed to command the castle and its surroundings. In 1217 the new constable, The Serlane, was awarded a hundred pounds to build a new curtain wall so that the approach along the mountain can be protected, as well as eastern methods of sand exposed at low tide. The middle-ward curtain wall later reduced to ground level in the eighteenth century, save along the sea side, where it survives with a poster gate and east tower, known for a fine collection of crossbows loops on the basement level.

A chamber on the first floor in the east tower believed to have the castle canopy because of their fine Roman style double window surround, if the original canopy must have been in the inner compartment. The ribbed vaults over the entrance passage of the murderous hole and the massive portcullis at each end of the gatehouse is later realizes started by Hugh de Lacey, who died in 1248 and did not live to see its completion in about 1250. It was completed by King Henry III.

After the collapse of the Earldom of Ulster in 1333, the castle remained in the Crown’s main residential and administrative center of Northern Ireland.During the early stages of the nine-year war (1595-1603), when the English influence in the north became weak, crown forces were provided and maintained by the city’s port. And in 1597, the surrounding countryside was the scene of the Battle of Carrickfergus.

During the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries, improvements were made to accommodate artillery, including external splayed gun ports and embrasures for cannons, but these improvements not prevent the castle from being attacked and captured on many occasions during this time. Marshal Schomberg besieged and took the castle in the week-long siege of Carrickfergus in 1689. This is also the place where Schomberg leader, King William III first set foot in Ireland June 14, 1690.

In 1760, after heavy fighting in the city, it was handed over to the French invaders under the command of François Thurot. They looted the castle and the town and then left, only to be captured by the Royal Navy.

Subsequent use

In 1778, a small but important event in the American War of Independence began in Carrickfergus, when John Paul Jones, given the reluctance of his crew approached too close to the castle, attracted a Royal Navy ship from its moorings in the North Channel, and won an hour long struggle. In 1797 the castle, which had on several occasions been used to house prisoners of war, became a prison and it was heavily defended during the Napoleonic Wars; six cannons on the eastern battery remaining twenty-two used in the 1811th

For a century remained a magazine and armory. During the First World War it was used as a garrison and ammunition store, and during World War II as a bomb shelter.

It was garrisoned continuously for about 750 years until 1928, when ownership was transferred from the British army to the new government in Northern Ireland for the conservation of an old monument .Many of its after Norman and Victorian additions removed to restore the castle’s original Norman look. It remains open to the public. Assembly Hall has been completely renovated and there are many exhibits to show what life was like in the Middle times. It was built and rebuilt three times, and still stands today.

railway access

The castle is a short walk from Carrickfergus railway station. Trains connect west to Belfast Belfast Central and Great Victoria Street and east to Whitehead and Larne port operated by Northern Ireland Railways.

See also

• Castles in the UK and Ireland
• Castles in Northern Ireland
• Castles in Ireland

References

1. Jump up ^  “Carrickfergus Castle” (PDF). Environment and Heritage Service NI – State Care of historical monuments. Be checked out three December 2007.

Belfast ( / b ɛ l . F ɑː s t / eller / b ɛ l . F æ s t / , från Irish : Béal Feirste , som betyder ” mun av sandbankar “) [11] är huvudstad och största staden Nordirland , och i mitten av den tionde största Primär stadsgränsen i Storbritannien . [12] på Lagan , hade en befolkning på 286 tusen vid folkräkningen 2011 och 333.871 efter 2015 reform av rådet [1] Belfast beviljades stadsrättigheter 1888.

Belfast var ett centrum för de irländska linne , tobak, repslageri och varvsindustrin: i början av 20-talet, Harland and Wolff , som byggde RMS Titanic , var den största och mest produktiva varv i världen. Belfast spelade en nyckelroll i den industriella revolutionen , och var en global industrikoncern centrum förrän under senare delen av 20-talet.Industrialiseringen och inflyttning det tog gjort Belfast den största staden i Irland i början av 20-talet.

Idag är Belfast ett centrum för industrin, liksom konsten, högre utbildning, näringsliv, och lag, och är den ekonomiska motorn i Nordirland. Staden drabbades hårt under period av konflikter som kallas ” oroligheterna “, men på senare tid har genomgått en lång period av lugn, fri från den intensiva politiska våld av tidigare år, och betydande ekonomiska och kommersiella tillväxt. Dessutom, Belfast centrum har genomgått omfattande expansion och förnyelse under de senaste åren, särskilt runt Victoria Square .

Belfast har två flygplatser: George Best Belfast City Airport i staden, och Belfast International Airport 15 miles (24 km) väster om staden. Belfast är en stor hamn, med kommersiella och industriella bryggor dominerar Belfast Lough kusten, inklusive Harland and Wolff varvet och är noterat av Globalization and World Cities Research Network (GaWC) som englobal stad . [13]

Namn

Namnet Belfast kommer från den irländska Béal Feirsde , som senare stavat Béal Feirste . [14] Ordet Beal betyder “mun” eller “rivermouth” medan feirsde / feirste är genitiv singularis av fearsaid och hänvisar till en sandrev eller tidvatten ford över en flod mun. [14] [15] namnet skulle alltså översätta ordagrant som “(flod) mynning sandrev” eller “(flod) mynning ford”. [14] Denna sandrev bildades vid sammanflödet av två floder på vad är nu Donegall Quay: den Lagan , som rinner ut i Belfast Lough och dess biflod Farset . Detta område var det nav kring vilket den ursprungliga bosättningen utvecklas. [16] Den irländska namn Béal Feirste delas av en townland i County Mayo , vars namn har anglicized somBelfarsad . [17]

En alternativ tolkning av namnet är “mun [floden] av sandrev”, en anspelning på floden Farset, som rinner ut i Lagan där sandrev var belägen. Denna tolkning gynnades avEdmund Hogan och John O’Donovan . [18] Det verkar dock klart, att själva floden fick sitt namn efter den tidvatten korsningen. [14]

I Ulster Scots namnet på staden är Bilfawst [19] [20] eller Bilfaust , [21] även om “Belfast” används också. [22] [23]

Historia

Huvudartikel: History of Belfast

Även om länet stad i Belfast skapades när den beviljades stadsrättigheter av drottning Victoria i 1888, [24] staden fortsätter att ses som gränsöverskridande County Antrim ochCounty Down . [25]

Origins

Platsen för Belfast har varit ockuperat sedan bronsåldern . Den Giant Ring , en 5000-årig henge , ligger nära staden, [26] och resterna av järnåldern fornborgar kan fortfarande ses i de omgivande bergen. Belfast förblev en liten bosättning av liten betydelse under medeltiden . John de Courcy byggt ett slott på vad som nu är Castle Street i stadens centrum på 12-talet, men det var i mindre skala och inte så strategiskt viktigt som Carrickfergus Castle till norr, som byggdes av de Courcy i 1177. O’Neill klanen hade en närvaro i området.

I den 14: e århundradet, Cloinne Aodha Buidhe, ättlingar Aodh Buidhe O’Neill byggde Grey slott på Castlereagh, nu i östra delen av staden. [27] Conn O’Neill av Clannaboy O’Neills ägde stora landområden i området och var den sista invånare i Grey slott, en kvarvarande länk vara Conn Water flod som rinner genom östra Belfast. [28]

Tillväxt

Belfast blev en betydande lösning i 17-talet efter att ha etablerats som en stad av Sir Arthur Chichester , [29] som ursprungligen avgjordes av protestantiska engelska och skotska invandrare vid tidpunkten för Plantation of Ulster . (Belfast och länet Antrim, dock inte en del av denna Plantation system som de privatkoloniserade.) 1791, den United Irishmen grundades i Belfast, efter Henry Joy McCracken och andra framstående presbyterian från staden inbjuden Theobald Wolfe Tone och Thomas Russell till ett möte, efter att ha läst Tone s “Argument på uppdrag av katolikerna i Irland”. [30] Bevis på denna period av Belfast tillväxt kan fortfarande ses i de äldsta delarna av staden, som kallas inlägg .

Belfast blommade som en kommersiellt och industriellt centrum i den 18: e och 19-talen och blev Irlands framstående industristad. Industrier frodades, inklusive linne, repslageri, tobak, tung industri och varvsindustrin, och i slutet av 19-talet, gick om Belfast kort Dublin som den största staden i Irland. De Harland and Wolff varv blev en av de största skeppsbyggare i världen, som sysselsätter upp till 35.000 arbetare. [31] I 1886 staden drabbades intensiva upplopp i frågan om självstyre, som hade delat staden. [32]

I 1920-1922, blev Belfast huvudstad i den nya enheten i Nordirland som ön Irland delades . Den medföljande konflikten (den irländska frihetskriget ) kosta upp till 500 liv i Belfast, den blodigaste sekteristiska stridigheter i staden tills oroligheterna i slutet av 1960-talet. [33]

Belfast var kraftigt bombat under andra världskriget . I en räd, 1941, tyska bombplan dödade cirka tusen personer och lämnade tiotusentals hemlösa. Bortsett från London, var detta den största förlusten av liv i en nattrazzia under blitzen . [34]

Besvärar

Huvudartikel: De Troubles

Belfast har varit huvudstad i Nordirland sedan starten 1921 efter Government of Ireland Act 1920 . Det hade varit skådeplats för olika episoder av sekteristiska konflikt mellan dess katolska och protestantiska befolkning. Dessa motsatta grupper i denna konflikt nu ofta benämns republikan ochloyalist respektive, även om de är också löst kallade ” nationalistisk ” och ” fackförenings ‘. Det senaste exemplet på denna konflikt var känd som besvärar – en civil konflikt som rasade från cirka 1969 till 1998. [35]

1972 Donegall Street bombningarav provisoriska IRA

Belfast såg några av de värsta oroligheterna i Nordirland, särskilt under 1970-talet, med rivaliserande paramilitära grupper som bildats på båda sidor. Bombning, lönnmord och gatuvåld bildade en bakgrund till liv under oroligheterna. Den provisoriska IRA detonerade 22 bomber inom ramarna för Belfast centrum på 1972, på vad som är känt som ” blodiga fredagen “, dödade elva personer. Regeringstrogna paramilitärer inklusive Ulster Volunteer Force (UVF) och Ulster Defence Association (UDA) hävdade att dödandet de genomförts var i vedergällning för IRA kampanjen . De flesta av deras offer var katoliker utan kopplingar till den provisoriska IRA. [36] En särskilt ökänd grupp, baserat på Shankill Road i mitten av 1970-talet, blev känd som Shankill Butchers .

Sammanlagt var över 1600 personer dödats i politiskt våld i staden mellan 1969 och 2001. [37] Sporadiska våldsamma händelser fortsätter från och med 2015 , även om det inte stöds av de tidigare antagonisterna som hade nått en politisk överenskommelse 1998.

Styre

Belfast beviljades stad status av Jakob I av England i 1613 och officiellt stadsrättigheter av drottning Victoria i 1888. [38] Sedan 1973 har det varit en lokal styrningområde under lokal administrering av Belfast kommunfullmäktige .[39] Belfast är representerat i både det brittiska underhuset och i Nordirlands beslutande församling . För val till Europaparlamentet , är Belfast i Nordirland valkretsen .

Lokala myndigheter

Belfast kommunfullmäktige är kommunen som ansvarar för staden. Stadens förtroendevalda är borgmästare Belfast , biträdande borgmästare och höga Sheriff som väljs bland 60fullmäktigeledamöter . Den första överborgmästare i Belfast var Daniel Dixon, som valdes i 1892. [40] Den borgmästare för 2016-17 är Alderman Brian Kingston i Demokratiska unionistparti , medan vice borgmästaren är Mary Ellen Campbell av Sinn Féin , både varav valdes i juni 2016 för att avtjäna ett år i taget. The Lord Mayor uppgifter hör ordförande över rådets möten, ta emot framstående besökare till staden, och företräda och främja staden på nationell och internationell nivå. [40]

1997, unionister förlorade övergripande kontroll över Belfast kommunfullmäktige för första gången i sin historia, med Alliance parti Nordirland vinner maktbalansen mellan nationalister och unionister. Denna ståndpunkt bekräftades i de tre efterföljande Valen, med borgmästare från Sinn Féin och socialdemokratiska och arbetarpartiet (SDLP), vilka båda är nationalistiska partier, och eftersom mellan befolkningsgrupperna alliansparti väljs regelbundet. Den första nationalistiska överborgmästare i Belfast var Alban Maginness av SDLP, 1997.

De senaste valen till Belfast kommunfullmäktige hölls den 22 maj 2014 med stadens väljare val sextio råds över tio distrikt val- områden . Resultaten var: 19 (3) Sinn Féin, 13 (-2)Demokratiska unionistparti (DUP), 8 (2) Alliance Party , 7 (-1) SDLP , 7 (4) Ulster Unionist Party (UUP) , 3 (1) Progressiv Unionist Party (PUP), med traditionella Unionist Voice . gröna ochmänniskor före vinst Alliance alla vinnande deras första platser. [41]

Belfast råd deltar i vänortssystemet , [42] och kopplas samman med Nashville i USA, [43] Hefei i Kina, [44] och Boston i USA. [45] [46]

Nordirländska församlingen och Westminster

Stormont är hem till den nordirländska församlingen.

För mer information om detta ämne, se Nordirland Montering och Storbritanniens parlament .

Se även: Belfast (Nordirland parlamentets valkretsar) och Belfast (UK parlamentvalkretsen)

Som Nordirlands huvudstad, är Belfast värd för nordirländska församlingen på Stormont , platsen för den decentraliserade lagstiftaren för Nordirland. Belfast är indelad i fyra Nordirland Montering och brittiska parlaments valkretsar: North Belfast , West Belfast , South Belfast och östra Belfast . Alla fyra sträcker sig utanför stadsgränserna för att inkludera delar avCastlereagh , Lisburn och Newtownabbey distrikt. I Nordirland Monterings Val i 2016 , valdes Belfast 24 medlemmar av den lagstiftande församlingen (MLAs), 6 från varje valkrets . Belfast valdes åtta DUP , 7 Sinn Féin , 3 SDLP , 3 Alliance Party , ett UUP , en grön och en PBPA MLAs. [47] I 2015 brittiska allmänna valet, valde Belfast en MP från varje valkrets till huset vid Westminster , London. Detta bestod av 2 DUP, en SDLP, och en Sinn Féin. [48]

Vapenskölden och motto

Belfast vapen antogs 1890

Staden Belfast har latinska motto ” Pro tanto quid retribuamus .” Detta är hämtat från Psaltaren 116 Vers 12 i den latinska Vulgate bibeln och är bokstavligen “För så mycket vad ska vi återbetala” Versen har översatts i biblar annorlunda – till exempel som “Vad skall jag göra till Herren för alla sina fördelar mot mig? “. [49] det är också översatt som” i gengäld så mycket, vad skall vi ge tillbaka? ” [50] den Queens University Students ‘Union Rag Week publikation PTQ har fått sitt namn från de tre första orden i mottot .

Den vapenskölden av staden utformades av John Vinycomb och skildras som Party per fesse argent och azurblå, chef en hög gråverk och på en kanton Gules en klocka argent, i botten ett skepp med segel satt argent på vågorna i havet korrekt . Denna heraldiska språk beskriver en sköld som är uppdelad i två horisontellt ( part per fesse ). Den övre ( chef ) av skärmen är silver ( argent ), och har en punkt-down triangel ( en stapel ) med en repeterande blå-vitt mönster som representerar päls ( Vair ). Det finns också en röd fyrkant i det övre hörnet ( en kantonen gules ) på vilken det finns en silverklocka. Det är troligt att klockan är ett exempel här på “sned” (eller punning) heraldik, som representerar den första stavelsen i Belfast. I den nedre delen av skärmen ( i bas ) finns en silver segelfartyg visas seglar på vågorna färgade i de faktiska färgerna i havet ( korrekt ). Den supporter på “Dexter” sida (höger sida, att notera att i heraldik “rätt och” vänster “är från bäraren av skölden perspektiv) är en kedjad wolf, medan den” illavarslande “(till vänster från innehavarens perspektiv) är en sjöhäst. den krönetovanför skärmen är också en sjöhäst. Dessa armar går tillbaka till 1613, när Jakob i av England beviljade Belfast stad status. den tätningen som används av Belfast köpmän hela 17-talet på sina skyltar och handels-mynt. [51] ett stort blyinfattade fönster i stads~~POS=TRUNC visar armarna, där en förklaring antyder att sjöhäst och fartyget avser Belfast betydande maritima historia. vargen kan vara en hyllning till stadens grundare, Sir Arthur Chichester , och hänvisar till sin egen vapensköld. [51]

Geografi

Flygfoto över Belfast.

Belfast är i den västra delen av Belfast Lough och vid mynningen av floden Lagan ger det en idealisk plats för varvsindustrin som en gång gjorde det berömda. När Titanic byggdes i Belfast i 1911-1912, Harland and Wolff hade den största varvet i världen. [52] Belfast ligger på Nordirlands östra kust vid 54 ° 35’49 “N 05 ° 55’45” W . En konsekvens av denna nordliga breddgrad är att det både tål korta vinterdagar och har långa sommarkvällar. Under vintersolståndet , är lokal solnedgång den kortaste dagen på året före 16:00 medan soluppgången är ca 08:45.Detta balanseras av sommarsolståndet i juni, när solen går ner efter 22:00 och stiger före 05:00. [53]

OpenStreetMap Belfast

År 1994 en fördämning byggdes över floden från Laganside Corporation att höja den genomsnittliga vattennivån så att det skulle täcka de opassande lera lägenheter som gav Belfast sitt namn [54] (från irländsk Béal Feirste , som betyder “Sand ford på mynningen “). [15] området Belfast Local Government District är 42,31 kvadrat miles (109,6 km 2 ). [55]

Den floden Farset är också uppkallad efter detta slam insättning (från den irländska Feirste betyder “sand spotta”). Ursprungligen en större flod än vad det är idag, Farset bildade en brygga på High Street fram till mitten av 19-talet. Bank Street i stadens centrum hänvisade till älvstranden och Bridge Street namngavs för platsen för en tidig Farset bro. [56] Ersatt av floden Lagan som viktigare floden i staden, försmäktar i Farset nu i dunkel, enligt high Street. Det finns inte mindre än elva andra mindre vattendrag i och runt Belfast, nämligen Blackstaff, Colin, den Connswater, den Cregagh, den Derriaghy, Forth, Knock, den Legoniel, den Milewater, den Purdysburn och Ravernet. [57 ]

Cavehill , en basalt kulle med utsikt över staden

Staden omges i norr och nordväst av en rad kullar, inklusive Divis Mountain , Black Mountain och Cavehill , tros vara inspirationen för Jonathan Swift’s Gullivers resor . När Swift bodde på Lilliput stuga nära botten av Belfasts Kalksten Road, inbillade han att Cavehill liknade formen av en sovande jätte skydda staden. [58] Formen på jätte näsa, som lokalt kallas Napoleons näsa , officiellt kallas McArt Fort namnges förmodligen efter konst O’Neill, en 17-tals hövdingen som kontrollerade området vid den tiden. [59] de Castlereagh Hills utsikt över staden på den sydöstra.

Klimat

Liksom resten av Irland, har Belfast en tempererat eller havsklimat, med ett smalt intervall av temperaturer och regn under hela året. Klimatet i Belfast är betydligt mildare än vissa andra platser i världen på en liknande latitud, på grund av uppvärmningen påverkan av Golfströmmen. Det finns för närvarande 5 väder observera stationer i Belfast: Helens Bay, Stormont, Newforge, Castlereagh och Ravenhill Road. Lite längre bort är Aldergrove Airport. [60] Den högsta uppmätta temperaturen vid någon officiell väderstation i Belfast var 30,8 ° C (87 ° F) vid Shaws Bridge den 12 juli 1983. [61] Belfast innehar rekordet för Nordirlands varmaste natten minst 19,6 ° C (67,3 ° F) vid Whitehouse den 14 augusti 2001. [62]

Staden blir kraftig nederbörd (större än 1 mm) på 157 dagar i ett genomsnittligt år med en genomsnittlig årlig nederbörd på 846 mm (33,3 tum), [63] mindre än områden i norra England eller de flesta av Skottland , [61] , men högre än Dublin eller sydöstra kusten av Irland. [64] Som en urban och kustområde, Belfast blir vanligtvis snö på färre än 10 dagar per år. [61] den absoluta maximala temperaturen vid väderstationen i Stormont är 29,7 ° C ( 85 ° F), utspelar sig under juli 1983. [65] i ett genomsnittligt år den varmaste dagen kommer att stiga till en temperatur av 24,4 ° C (75,9 ° F) [66] med en dag av 25,1 ° C (77,2 ° F) eller ovan inträffar ungefär en gång vartannat i tre år. [67] den absoluta minimitemperatur på Stormont är -9,9 ° C (14 ° F), under januari 1982 [68] men i ett genomsnittligt år den kallaste natten faller lägre än -4,5 ° C (24 ° F) med luft frost registreras på bara 26 nätter. [69] Den lägsta temperaturen att inträffa under de senaste åren var -8,8 ° C (16,2 ° F) den 22 december 2010. [70]

Den närmaste väderstationen som solsken data och långsiktiga observationer längre finns är Belfast International Airport ( Aldergrove ). Extrema temperaturer här har något mer variation på grund av den mer inre platsen. Den genomsnittliga varmaste dag på Alder exempelvis kommer att nå en temperatur av 25,4 ° C (77,7 ° F), [71] (1,0 ° C [1,8 ° F] högre än Stormont) och 2,1 dagar [72] bör uppnå en temperatur av 25,1 ° C (77,2 ° F) eller högre totalt.Omvänt den kallaste natten medel år -6,6 ° C (20,1 ° F) [73] (eller 1,9 ° C [3,4 ° F] lägre än Stormont) och 39 nätter bör registrera en luft frost. [74] Några 13 mer frostiga nätter än Stormont. Den lägsta temperatur vid Alder var -14,2 ° C (6 ° F), under december 2010.

Areas and Districts

Main article: Subdivisions in Belfast

For more information about the City Layout, see § Transport in Belfast city layout.

Belfast expanded very rapidly from being a market town to become an industrial town during the 19th century. Because of this, it is less an agglomeration of villages and cities that have expanded into each other, than other comparable cities, such as Manchester or Birmingham. The city expanded into the natural barrier of the hills that surround it, overwhelming other settlements. Accordingly roads along which the expansion took place (e.g., Falls Road or Newtownards Road) is greater than in the districts define nuclear settlements. Belfast is still segregated by walls, commonly known as the “peace lines”, built by the British army after August 1969, and which still divide 14 districts in the inner city. [79] In 2008, a process was proposed for the removal of “peace walls”. [80] In June 2007, a £ 16 million program announced that will change and clean up the streets and public places in the center. [81] Major thoroughfares (quality bus corridor) in the city include the Antrim Road, Shore Road, Holywood Road, Newtownards Road , Castlereagh Road, Cregagh Road, Ormeau Road, Malone Road, Lisburn Road, Falls Road, Springfield Road, Shankill Road, and Crumlin Road, Four Winds. [82]

Belfast city center is divided into two postcode districts, BT1 for the area located north of the City Hall, and BT2 for the area in the south. Industrial and Docklands BT3. The rest of Belfast for the city is divided roughly clockwise systems from BB3 in northeast around to BT15, BT16 and BT17 with further out to the east and west respectively. ÄvenBT derived from Belfast, the BT postcode area stretches across Northern Ireland. [83]

Since 2001, boosted by increasing the number of tourists, the City Council has developed a number of cultural quarters. The Cathedral Quarter takes its name from St Anne’s Cathedral (Church of Ireland) and has taken on the mantle of the city’s most important cultural city. [84] It hosts an annual visual and performing arts festival.

Custom House Square is one of the city’s largest outdoor places for free concerts and street entertainment. The Gaeltacht Quarter is an area around the Falls Road in West Belfast which promotes and encourages the use of the Irish language. [85] The Queen’s Quarter of South Belfast is named after Queens University. The area has a high proportion of students and hosts the annual Belfast Festival at Queens every autumn. It is home to botanical gardens and the Ulster Museum, which reopened in 2009 after extensive refurbishment. [86] The Golden Mile is the name of the mile between Belfast City Hall and Queen’s University. With the Dublin Road, Great Victoria Street, Shaftesbury Square, Bradbury Place, contains some of the best bars and restaurants in the city. [87] Since the Good Friday Agreement in 1998, the nearby Lisburn Road has developed into the city’s most exclusive shopping strip. [88] [89] Finally, the Titanic Quarter covers 0.75 km 2 (0 sq mi) of reclaimed land adjacent to Belfast Harbour, formerly known as the Queen of Iceland. Named after the RMS Titanic, which was built here in 1912, [52] work has begun which promises to transform some former shipyard land into “one of the largest waterfront development in Europe”. [90] The plans include apartments, a river entertainment district, and a major Titanic-themed museum. [90]

Cityscape

Architecture

Main articles: Architecture Belfast, Buildings in Belfast, and List of tallest buildings and structures in Belfast

The architectural style of Belfast buildings ranging from Edwardian, like City Hall, the mother, who Waterfront Hall. Many of the city’s Victorian landmarks, including the viktigasteLanyon building at Queens University Belfast and Line Hall Library, designed by Sir Charles Lanyon.

City Hall was completed in 1906 and was built to reflect Belfast city status, granted by Queen Victoria in 1888. The Edwardian architectural style of Belfast City Hall influenced Victoria Memorial in Calcutta, India, and Durban City Hall in South Africa. [91] [92] The dome is 173 feet (53 m) high and numbers above the door state “Hibernia encouraging and promoting commerce and art in the city.” [93]

Among the city’s most beautiful buildings are two former banks: Ulster Bank in Waring Street (built in 1860) and Northern Bank, in nearby Donegall Street (built in 1769). The Royal Courts of Justice in Chichester Street is home to Northern Ireland’s highest court. Many of Belfast’s oldest buildings are the Cathedral Quarter area, which is currently undergoing redevelopment as the city’s largest cultural and tourist area. [84] Windsor House, 262 feet (80 m) high, has 23 floors and is the second tallest building (as opposed to the structure) in Ireland. [94] Work has begun on longer Obel Tower, which already surpasses the height of the Windsor House in its unfinished state.

Scottish Provident Institution, an example of Victorian architecture in Belfast

Ornately decorated Crown Liquor Saloon, designed by Joseph Anderson in 1876, in Great Victoria Street is one of only two pubs in the UK owned by the National Trust (the other is the George Inn, Southwark in London). It was made internationally famous as the setting for the classic film, Odd Man Out, starring James Mason. [95] The restaurant panels in the Crown Bar was originally made for Britannic, the sister ship of the Titanic, [93] built in Belfast.

Harland and Wolff shipyard has two of the largest dry docks in Europe, [96], where giant cranes, Samson and Goliath stand out against Belfast’s skyline. Including Waterfront Hall and the Odyssey Arena, Belfast has several other venues for the performing arts. The architecture of the Grand Opera House has an oriental theme and was completed in 1895. It was bombed several times during the unrest, but has now been restored to its former glory. [97] The Lyric Theatre, (re-opened May 1, 2011 after undergoing a refurbishment program) is the only full-time producing theater in the country, where film star Liam Neeson began his career. [98] The Ulster Hall (1859-1862) was originally designed for large dances but now mainly used as a concert and sporting venue. Lloyd George, Parnell and Patrick Pearse all attended political rallies there. [93]

Parks and gardens

Main article: List of parks and gardens in Belfast

Palm House in Botanic Gardens

Sitting at the mouth of the River Lagan where it becomes a deep and protected lough, Belfast is surrounded by mountains that create a microclimate that promotes horticulture. From the Victorian Botanic Gardens in the heart of the city to the heights of Cave Hill Country Park, the large expanse of Lagan Valley Regional Park [99] to Colin Glen, Belfast contains an abundance of park and forest parks. [100]

Parks and gardens are an integral part of Belfast’s heritage, and home to an abundance of local wildlife and popular places for a picnic, a stroll or a jog. A large number of events take place throughout including festivals such as Rose Week and special activities such as bird watching evenings and great beast hunts. [100]

Belfast has over forty public parks. Forest of Belfast is a partnership between the state and local groups in 1992 to manage and conserve the city’s parks and open spaces. They have ordered more than 30 public sculptures since 1993. [101] In 2006, the City Council set aside £ 8 million to continue this work. [102] The Belfast Naturalists’ Field Club was founded in 1863 and is administered by the National Museums and Galleries of Northern Ireland. [103]

With an average of 670,000 visitors per year between 2007 and 2011, is one of the most popular parks, the Botanic Gardens, [104] in the Queen’s Quarter. Built in 1830 and designed by Sir Charles Lanyon, Botanic Gardens Palm House is one of the earliest examples of a curvilinear and cast iron greenhouse. [105] Other attractions in the park include the Tropical Ravine, a humid jungle glen built in 1889, rose gardens and public events ranging from live opera broadcasts to pop concerts. [106] U2 played here in 1997. Sir Thomas and Lady Dixon Park, south of the city center, attracts thousands of visitors each year to its International Rose Garden. [107] Rose the week of July each year features over 20,000 summer. [108] It has an area of 128 acres (0.52 km 2) by meadows, forests and gardens and has a Diana memorial garden, a Japanese garden, a walled garden, and Golden Crown Fountain commissioned in 2002 as part of the Queen’s Golden Jubilee celebrations. [107]

In 2008, Belfast finalist in the big city (200,001 and over) category of the RHS Britain in Bloom competition along with the London Borough of Croydon and Sheffield.

Belfast Zoo is owned by Belfast City Council. The Council spends £ 1.5 million each year to run and promote the zoo, which is one of the few local government-funded zoos in the UK and Ireland. The zoo is one of the best visit the attractions of Northern Ireland, which receives more than 295,000 visitors per year. The majority of the animals are endangered in their natural habitat. The zoo houses more than 1,200 animals of 140 species, including Asian elephants, Barbary lions, Malayan sun bears (one of the few in the UK), two species of penguin, a family of western lowland gorilla, a squad common chimpanzees, a pair of red pandas , a pair of Goodfellow tree-kangaroos and Francois’ langurs. The zoo also carries out important conservation work and participates in European and international breeding programs that help to ensure the survival of many endangered species. [109]

Demography

For more information on this topic, see List of people from Belfast.

Ethnic groups in the census 2011

White (96.7%)

Asian (2.2%)

Black (0.4%)

Mixed (0.5%)

Others (0.2%)

Irish Member (0.08%)

At the 2001 census, the population was 276,459, [110] whereas 579.554 people lived in the wider Belfast Metropolitan Area. [111] This was the fifteenth largest city in the UK, but the eleventh largest metropolitan region. [112] Belfast experienced a huge growth in population in the first half of the twentieth century. This increase subsided and reached around the beginning of the unrest in 1971 census shows nearly 600,000 people in Belfast city limits. [113] Since then, the inner city numbers have dropped dramatically as people have moved to swell the Greater Belfast suburb population. The 2001 census population in the city limits had dropped to 277.391 [110] people, with 579.554 people living in the greater Belfast Metropolitan Area. [111] The 2001 census registered 81.650 people from Catholic backgrounds and 79.650 people from Protestant backgrounds in working age live in Belfast. [114] The population density in 2011 was 24.88 people / hectare (compared to 1.34 for the rest of Northern Ireland). [115] Like many cities, Belfast city center is characterized today by the elderly, students and single young people, while families tend to live in the periphery. Socio-economic areas radiate out from the Central Business District, with a pronounced wedge of prosperity extends Malone Road and Upper Malone Road in the south. [113] An area of greater loss extends to the west of the city. The areas around the Falls and Shankill Roads are the most deprived wards in Northern Ireland. [116]

Despite a period of relative peace, most areas and districts of Belfast still reflect the divided nature of Northern Ireland as a whole. Many areas are still very segregated along ethnic, political and religious lines, especially in working-class areas. [117] These zones – Catholic / Republican on the one hand and the Protestant / Loyalist on the other – is always marked by flags, graffiti and murals. Segregation has existed throughout the history of Belfast, but has been maintained and increased by any outbreak of violence in the city. This escalation of segregation, described as a “ratchet effect”, have shown few signs of easing. [118] When violence flares, it tends to be in interface areas. The highest levels of segregation in the city are in West Belfast with many areas greater than 90% Catholics. Opposite but comparatively high levels seen in predominantly Protestant east Belfast. [119] Areas where segregated working-class areas meet is called interface areas and sometimes marked by peace lines.

Ethnic minority communities have been in Belfast since the 1930s. [120] The largest groups are Poles, Chinese and Indians. [121] [122] Since the enlargement of the EU, the numbers have increased by an influx of Eastern European immigrants. Census figures (2011) showed that Belfast has a total non-white population of 10,219, or 3.3%, [122] while 18,420, or 6.6% [121] of the population born outside the UK and Ireland. [121] Nearly half of those born outside the UK and Ireland live in South Belfast, where they make up 9.5% of the population. [121] Most of the estimated 5,000 Muslims [123] and 200 Hindu families [124] living in Northern Ireland living in the Greater Belfast area.

Judging by the fact that 6.6% of the population was born outside the UK, it is likely that Belfast is approximately 92.5% White Irish / British and 3.3% non-white. This makes the city about as ethnically diverse as Sunderland and York.

Belfast City Council area in 2011 census
pOPULATION dENSITY
Percent Catholic or raised Catholic
The most cited national identity
Percentage of people born outside the UK and Ireland

Economy

Main article: Economy of Belfast

The IRA ceasefire in 1994 and the signing of the Good Friday Agreement in 1998 has given investors confidence to invest in Belfast. [125] [126] This has led to a period of sustained economic growth and large-scale reconstruction of the city center. Developments include Victoria Square, the Cathedral Quarter, and Laganside with the Odyssey complex and the landmark Waterfront Hall.

Waterfront Hall. Built in 1997, is a concert hall, exhibition and conference center.

Other important developments include the regeneration of the Titanic Quarter, and the construction of the Obel Tower, a skyscraper set to be the tallest tower on the island. [127] Today, Belfast Northern Ireland educational and commercial hub. In February 2006, Belfast unemployment at 4.2%, lower than both Northern Ireland [128] and the average British 5.5%. [129] In the past 10 years, employment has grown by 16.4 percent, compared with 9.2 per cent for the UK as a whole. [130]

Northern Ireland’s peace has led to soaring property prices in the city. In 2007, Belfast saw house prices grow by 50%, the fastest growth rate in the UK. [131] In March 2007, the average house in Belfast cost £ 91,819, with the average in South Belfast is £ 141,000. [132] In 2004, Belfast had the lowest utilization owners in Northern Ireland at 54%. [133]

Fred has increased the number of tourists coming to Belfast. There were 6.4 million visitors in 2005, an increase of 8.5% from 2004. The visitors spent £ 285.2 million, supporting more than 15,600 jobs. [134] The number of visitors increased by 6% to 6.8 million in 2006, with tourists spending £ 324 million, an increase of 15% compared to 2005. [135] the city’s two airports have contributed to making the city one of the most visited weekend destinations in Europe. [136]

Belfast has been the fastest growing economy in the thirty largest cities in the UK over the past decade, a new economy report by Howard Spencer found. “It is because [of] the fundamentals of the UK economy, and [why] people actually want to invest in the UK,” he commented on the report. [137]

BBC Radio 4’s World reported furthermore that despite higher corporation tax in the UK than in the Republic. There are “large quantities” of foreign investment coming into the country.

Times wrote about Belfast’s growing economy: “According to the region’s development agency, in the 1990s Northern Ireland had the fastest growing regional economy in the UK, with GDP increasing by 1 percent per year faster than the rest of the country. any modern economy, the services sector is crucial for the development of Northern Ireland and enjoys good growth. in particular, the region has a thriving tourist industry with record levels of visitors and tourist revenues and has established itself as an important location for call centers. “[138] Since the end of the conflict areas, tourism has the biggest in Northern Ireland, heavily using low cost. [138]

Der Spiegel, a German weekly newspaper of politics and economy, titled Belfast as The New Celtic Tiger which is “open for business”. [139]

Industrial growth

A 1907 stereoscopic postcards showing the construction of a passenger liner (RMS Adriatic) at Harland and Wolff shipyard

As the population of Belfast town began to grow in the 17th century, its economy based on trade. [140] It provided a market for the surrounding countryside and the natural inlet of Belfast Lough gave the city its own port. Gateway delivered a route for trade with Britain and later Europe and North America. In the middle of the 17th century Belfast exported beef, butter, hides, tallow and corn and it imported coal, cloth, wine, brandy, paper, wood and tobacco. [140]

At this time, linen trade in Northern Ireland blossomed and in the mid-18th century, one fifth of all the linen exported from Ireland delivered from Belfast. [140] The present town, however, is a product of the industrial revolution. [141] it was not until industry transformed linen and shipbuilding industries as the economy and population greatest. At the turn of the 19th century, Belfast had turned into the largest linen producing center in the world, [142] earning the nickname “Linenopolis”.

Belfast Harbor was dredged in 1845 to provide deeper berths for larger ships. Donegall Quay was built out into the river when the harbor was developed further and trade flourished. [143] The Harland and Wolff shipyard was founded in 1861, and at the time the Titanic was built, in 1912, it had become the largest shipyard in the world. [52]

Samson and Goliath, Harland & Wolff’s gantry cranes.

Short Brothers plc is a British aerospace company based in Belfast. It was the first aircraft manufacturing companies in the world. The company began its cooperation with Belfast in 1936, with short and Harland Ltd., a company jointly owned by Shorts and Harland and Wolff. Now known as Shorts Bombardier it works as an international aircraft manufacturer is located near the port of Belfast. [144]

The rise of mass-produced and cotton clothing after World War I were some of the factors that led to the decline of Belfast’s international linen trade. [142] Like many British cities dependent on traditional heavy industry, Belfast suffered serious decline since the 1960s, become much worse during the 1970s and 1980s by the unrest. More than 100,000 manufacturing jobs have disappeared since the 1970s. [145] For decades, requires Northern Ireland’s fragile economy significant public support from the British exchequer of up to £ 4 billion per year. [145]

Infrastructure

niversity of Ulster, Belfast Campus

Belfast saw the worst unrest in Northern Ireland, with almost half of the total deaths in the conflict occurring in the city. Since the Good Friday Agreement in 1998, there has been a significant urban renewal in the city center, including Victoria Square, Queens Island and Laganside and the Odyssey complex and the landmark Waterfront Hall. The city has two airports: DenGeorge Best Belfast City Airport adjacent to Belfast Lough and Belfast International Airport which is near Lough Neagh. Queens University in Belfast is the largest university in staden.Den University of Ulster also maintains a campus in the city, which concentrates on art, design and architecture.

Belfast is one of the constituent towns that make up the Dublin-Belfast corridor region, which has a population of just under 3 million.

Utilities

Silent Valley Reservoir, showing the masonry spills

Most of Belfast’s water is supplied from the Silent Valley Reservoir in County Down, created to collect water from the Mourne Mountains. [146] The rest of the city’s water comes from Lough Neagh, via Dunore water treatment plant in County Antrim. [147] the citizens of Belfast pay for their water in their rates bill. Plans to bring in additional water tariffs have been shot divisional centralization in May 2007. [148] Belfast has about 1300 km (808 mi) of sewage, which is currently being replaced in a project costing over £ 100 million and will be completed in 2009. [149]

Northern Ireland Electricity is responsible for the transmission of electricity in Northern Ireland. Belfast electricity comes from Kilroot Power Station, a 520 megawatt dual coal and oil fired plant, located näraCarrickfergus. [147] Phoenix Natural Gas Ltd. began supplying customers in the Greater Belfast and Larne with natural gas in 1996 through the newly Scotland-Northern Ireland pipeline. [147] prices in Belfast (and the rest of Northern Ireland) was reformed in April 2007. The discrete capital value system means rates bills are determined by the capital value of each domestic property assessed avvärderings and Lands Agency. [150] The recent dramatic increase in house prices has made these reforms unpopular. [151]

health

The Belfast Health & Social Care Trust is one of five trusts created April 1, 2007 by the Department of Health. Belfast contains most of Northern Ireland’s regional specialist centers. [152] The Royal Victoria Hospital is an internationally recognized center of excellence in trauma care and provide specialized trauma care for the whole of Northern Ireland. [153] It also gives the city a specialist neurosurgery, ophthalmology, ENT and dental services. The Belfast City Hospital is the regional specialist center for hematology and is home to a cancer center that competes with the best in the world. [154] The Mary G McGeown Regional Nephrology Unit at the city hospital’s kidney transplant center, the regional renal services for Northern Ireland. [155] Musgrave Park Hospital in south Belfast specializes in orthopedics, rheumatology, sports medicine and rehabilitation. It is home to Northern Ireland first acquired brain injury unit, costing £ 9 million and opened by the Prince of Wales and Duchess of Cornwall in May 2006. [156] Other hospitals in Belfast include the Mater Hospital in north Belfast and Children’s Hospital

Transport

Main article: Transport in Belfast

Great Victoria Street station Northern Ireland Railways

Belfast is a relatively car-dependent city by European standards, with an extensive network of roads including the 22.5 miles (36 km) M2 and M22 motorway route. [157] A 2005 study of how people travel in Northern Ireland showed that people in Belfast made 77% of all journeys by car, 11% by public transport and 6% on foot. [158] it showed that Belfast has 0.70 cars per household compared to figures of 1.18 and 1.14 in the East in the Western Northern Ireland. [158] A road improvement systems in Belfast began in early 2006, with the upgrading of two junctions along West dual carriageway for overpass standard. The improvement scheme was completed five months earlier than planned in February 2009 with the official opening will take place on 4 March 2009. [159]

Commentators have argued that this could create a bottleneck at York Street, the next street intersection, until it also upgraded. [Citation needed] On October 25, 2012 Stage 2 report for York Street intersection approved [160] and in December 2012 planned upgrade moved into the third stage of the development process. If successfully completed the necessary statutory procedures, work on the flyover to connect the West to the M2 / M3 motorway is scheduled to take place between 2014 and 2018, [161] to create a continuous link between M1 and M2, the two main highways in Northern Ireland.

Black taxis are common in the city, which operates on a stock basis in some areas. [162] These outnumbered by private hire taxis. The bus and rail public transport in Northern Ireland is operated by a subsidiary of TransLink. Bus services in the city proper and the closer suburbs operated by Translink Metro, with services that focus on connecting residential areas with the city center in 12kvalitet bus corridors running along the main radial roads, [163]

More distant suburbs are served by Ulsterbus. Northern Ireland Railways provides suburban services along three lines running through Belfast’s northern suburbs to Carrickfergus, Larne and Larne Harbour eastwards towards Bangor and south west towards Lisburn and Portadown. This service is called the Belfast Suburban Rail system. Belfast is linked directly to Coleraine, Portrush and Derry. Belfast has a direct train to Dublin called Enterprise which is run jointly by the NIR and Iarnród Éireann, the national railway company of the Republic of Ireland. There is no train service to cities in other countries in the UK, because of the lack of a bridge or tunnel connecting Britain to the island of Ireland. However, there is a combined ferry and train ticket between Belfast and the cities in the UK, called Sail Rail. [164]

In April 2008, the Department for Regional Development, reported on a plan for a light rail system, similar to the one in Dublin. The consultants said Belfast do not have the population to support a tramway, which suggests that investment in bus-based rapid transit would be preferable.The study showed that bus-based rapid transit produces positive economic results, but light rail do not. The report by Atkins & KPMG, however, said that there would be an opportunity to migrate to the light rail in the future should the increased demand. [165] [166]

The city has two airports: Belfast International Airport offers domestic, European and international flights to Newark (New York) operated by United Airlines, Orlando and Las Vegas are both operated by Thomas Cook. The seasonal flight to Orlando is also operated by Virgin Atlantic. The airport is located northwest of the city, near Lough Neagh, while George Best Belfast City Airport, which is closer to the center by train from Sydenham påBangor Line, adjacent to Belfast Lough, offers UK domestic flights and some European flights. In 2005, Belfast International Airport was the 11th busiest commercial airport in the UK, which accounts for just over 2% of all UK terminal passengers while George Best Belfast City Airport was the 16th busiest and had a% of UK terminal passenger. Belfast – Liverpool route is the busiest domestic route in the UK, excluding London with 555.224 passengers in 2009. Over 2.2 million passengers flew between Belfast and London in 2009. [167]

Belfast has a large port used for exports and imports of goods and passenger ferry service. Stena Line operates regular routes to Cairnryan in Scotland using their conventional vessels – with an overpass of about 2 hours and 15 minutes. Until 2011, the route went to Stranraer and used, among other things, a HSS (High Speed Service) vessel – with a crossing of about 90 minutes. Stena Line also operates a route to Liverpool. A seasonal sailing to Douglas, Isle of Man operated by Isle of Man Steam Packet Company.

Culture

Main article: Culture of Belfast

AC / DC with Bon Scott (center) pictured with guitarist Angus Young (left) and bassist Cliff Williams (back), performing at the Ulster Hall in August 1979

Belfast’s population is evenly split between the Protestant and Catholic residents. [110] These two distinct cultural groups both have contributed greatly to the city’s culture. Full Troubles, Belfast artists continued to express themselves through poetry, art and music. In the period since the Good Friday Agreement in 1998, Belfast has begun a social, economic and cultural transformation gives it a growing international cultural reputation. [168] In 2003, Belfast had an unsuccessful bid for the 2008 European Capital of Culture. The bid was run by an independent company, Imagine Belfast, who boasted that it would “make the Belfast venue for Europe’s legends, where the sense of history and faith find a home and a sanctuary from caricature, parody and oblivion.” [169] According to The Guardian the bid may have been undermined by its history and volatile politics. [170]

2004-05, the arts and cultural events in Belfast attended 1.8 million people (400,000 more than last year). That same year, 80,000 people participated in cultural and arts activities, twice as many as in 2003-04. [171] A combination of relative peace, international investment and the active promotion of art and culture attract more tourists to Belfast than ever before. 2004-05, 5.9 million people visited Belfast, an increase of 10% compared with the previous year, and spent £ 262.5 million. [171]

The Beatles come to the Ritz Cinema, Belfast after their concert November 8 in 1963.

The Ulster Orchestra, based in Belfast, Northern Ireland is the only full-time symphony orchestra and is well known in the UK. Founded in 1966, it has existed in its present form since 1981, when the BBC Northern Orchestra disbanded. [172] The music school Queens University is responsible for arranging a remarkable series of lunchtime and evening concerts, often given by renowned musicians who usually given in Harty Room at the university (University Square).

There are many traditional Irish bands playing throughout the city and a lot of music schools concentrate on teaching traditional music. Well-known city center venues would include Kelly’s Cellars, Maddens and the Hercules bar. Famous artists would include McPeakes, Brian Kennedy and the band 9Lies.

Musicians and bands have written songs about or dedicated to Belfast: U2, Van Morrison, Snow Patrol, Simple Minds, Elton John, Rogue Male, Katie Melua, Boney M., Paul Muldoon, Stiff Little Fingers, Nanci Griffith, Glenn Patterson, Orbital James Taylor, Fun Boy Three, Spandau Ballet, The Police, Barnbrack, Gary Moore, Neon Neon, toxic waste, and energy Orchard.

Furthermore, in Belfast the Oh Yeah Music Centre located (Cathedral Quarter), a project that was founded to give young musicians and artists a place where they can share ideas and get started his music career as a chance to be supported and promoted by professional musicians Northern Irish music scene.

Belfast has a long underground club scene, which was formed in the early 1980s. [173]

Like all areas of the island of Ireland outside the Gaeltacht, the Irish in Belfast not an unbroken intergenerational transmission. Because of the Community’s activities in the 1960s, including the establishment of Shaws Road Gaeltacht community, vast in Irish art, and the progress made in the availability of Irish medium education in the city, it can now be said that there is a “native” community of speakers. [Dubious – discuss]. language is heavily promoted in the city and is particularly visible in the Falls Road, where the signs of both the iconic black taxis and buses are bilingual [174] Belfast has the highest concentration of Irish speakers in Northern Ireland. [citation needed] Project to promote language the city funded by various sources, especially Foras na Gaeilge, an all-Ireland body funded by both the Irish and British governments. There are a number of Irish primary schools and a secondary school in Belfast. The provision of certain resources for these schools (such as the provision of textbooks) are supported by the charity of the TACA.

Media

Belfast Telegraph Headquarters

Belfast is home to the Belfast Telegraph, Irish News and Newsletter, the oldest English-language newspaper in the world still in publication. [175] [176] The city has a number of free publications including Fate magazine, Go Belfast and Vacuum, distributed through bar, cafes and public places.

The city is the headquarters of BBC Northern Ireland, ITV station UTV and commercial radio stations Belfast City Beat and U105. Two community radio stations, Tops 106 and Irish-language station Raidió Fáilte, sent to the city from west Belfast, as well as Queen Radio, a student-run radio station that broadcasts from Queens University Student Union. One of Northern Ireland’s two community television stations, nvtv, is based in the Cathedral Quarter of the city. There are two independent cinemas in Belfast: the Queens Film Theatre and the Beach Cinema, which host screenings during the Belfast Film Festival and the Belfast Festival at Queens. Sending only through the Internet is homely Planet, culture radio station for Northern Ireland, which supports community relations. [177]

The city has become a popular film location; Paint Hall at Harland and Wolff has become one of the UK Film Council’s main studios. The complex consists of four stages of 16,000 square feet (1000 m 2). Show filmed at The Paint Hall feature film City of Ember (2008) and HBO’s Game of Thrones series (starting in late 2009).

In November 2011, Belfast was the smallest city to host the MTV Europe Music Awards. [178] The event was hosted by Selena Gomez and celebrities like Justin Bieber, Jessie J, Hayden Panettiere, and Lady Gaga traveled to Northern Ireland to take part in the event, held at the Odyssey Arena. [179]

Sports

Main article: Sport in Belfast

The Kingspan Stadium is home förUlster Rugby

Belfast has several notable sports teams playing a variety of sports such as soccer, Gaelic games, rugby, cricket and hockey. The Belfast Marathon is run annually on the first of May, and attracted 20,000 participants in 2011. [180]

The Northern Ireland football team, ranked 43rd October 2014 in the World Cup Rankings, [181] play their home games at Windsor Park. The current Irish League champions Crusaders are based at Seaview, in the northern part of the city. Other Premier teams include 2008/09 champions Glentoran, Linfield and Cliftonville. Intermediate-level clubs are: Donegal Celtic, Dundela, Harland & Wolff Welders, Newington Youth, PSNI, Queen’s University, and Sports & Leisure Swifts, who specializes in NIFL Championship; Albert Foundry FC, Ballysillan Swifts, Bloomfield FC, Crumlin Star FC, East Belfast FC Grove United FC, Immaculata FC, Malachians FC, Orange Old Boys’ Association FC, Rosario Youth Club FC, St. Patrick Young Men FC, Shankill United FC, short Brothers FC and Sirocco Works FC in the northern Amateur Football League and Brantwood Ballymena & Provincial League. Belfast was the hometown of Manchester United legend George Best who died in November 2005. On the day he was buried in the city, 100,000 people lined the road from his home on the Cregagh road to Roselawn Cemetery. [182] Since his dödCity Airport was named after him and trust has been set up to fund a memorial to him in the center. [183]

Gaelic football is the most popular spectator sport in Ireland, [184] and Belfast is home to over twenty football and hurling clubs. [185] Casement Park in west Belfast, home to the Antrim county teams, has a capacity of 32,000, making it the second largest Gaelic Athletic Association ground in Ulster. [186] The 1999 Heineken Cup champions Ulster Rugby plays at Kingspan Stadium in the southern part of the city. Belfast has four teams in rugby’s All-Ireland League: Belfast Harlequinsi Division 1B; and Instonians, Queen’s University and Malone in Division 2A.

Ice hockey is one of Northern Ireland’s most popular sports mainly down to it’s home to one of the largest British clubs, the Belfast Giants. The Giants founded in 2000 and play their matches at the 9500 capacity Odyssey Arena, the audience normally range from 4.000 to 7.000. Many ex-NHL players have been featured on the Giants roster, none more famous than the world super Theo Fleury. The Giants play in the 10 team professional Elite Ice Hockey League is the top league in England. The Giants have been league champions four times, most recently in the 2013-14 season. The Belfast Giants is a huge brand in Northern Ireland and their growing stature in the game led to the Belfast Giants play the Boston Bruins in the NHL, October 2, 2010 at Odyssey Arena in Belfast, losing the game 5-1.

Other notable athletes from Belfast include double world snooker champion Alex “Hurricane” Higgins [187] and world champion boxers Wayne McCullough and Rinty Monaghan. [188] Leander ASC is a well known swimming club in Belfast. Belfast produced Formula One racing stars John Watson, who competed in five different teams during his career in the 1970s and 1980s, and Ferrari driver Eddie Irvine.

Famous residents

Gerry Adams, outpatient Main article: List of people from Belfast

A blue plaque adorned Belfast birthplace of former President IsraelChaim Herzog

• John Stewart Bell, a physicist
• George Best, soccer players, Ballon d’Or winner
• Danny Blanchflower, footballer and manager
• Jackie Blanchflower football
• Sir Kenneth Branagh, actor
• Christopher Brown, football player
• Jocelyn Bell Burnell, astro
• Patrick Carlin, Victoria Cross recipients
• Ciaran Carson, author
• Frank Carson, comedian
• Craig Cathcart, footballer
• Shaw Clifton, former General of the Salvation Army
• Lord Craigavon, former Prime Minister of Northern Ireland
• Mal Donaghy, footballer
• Jamie Dornan, actor
• Barry Douglas, musicians
• John Boyd Dunlop, inventor
• Jonny Evans, football
• Corry Evans, football
• Carl Frampton, boxer
• Sir James Galway, musicians
• Craig Gilroy, rugby union players
• Chaim Herzog, former president of Israel
• Alex Higgins, snooker player
• Eamonn Holmes, programs
• Paddy Jackson, rugby union players
• Oliver Jeffers, artist
• Lord Kelvin, physicist and engineer
• CS Lewis, author
• James Joseph Magennis, Victoria Cross recipients
• Jim Magilton, footballer and manager
• Paula Malcomson, actor
• Mary McAleese, former President of Ireland
• Gerry McAvoy, musician and long time bassist with Rory Gallagher
• Wayne McCullough, Olympic silver medalist, WBC World Champion Boxer, Patron Northern
• Ireland Children’s Hospice
• Alan McDonald, footballer
• Sammy McIlroy, footballer and manager
• Gary Moore, guitarist
• Van Morrison, singer and songwriter
• Doc Neeson, singer-songwriter
• Mary Peters, Olympic sports
• Patricia Quinn, actor
• Pat Rice, football players and coaches
• Trevor Ringland, rugby union players
• Peter Robinson, first minister of Northern Ireland
• Bobby Sands, the IRA hunger striker
• David Trimble, former First Minister of Northern Ireland, Nobel Peace Prize winner
• Gary Wilson, cricketer

Training

See also: List of schools in Belfast, List of high schools in Belfast, and the List of grammar schools in Belfast

The Lanyon Building of Queen’s University in south Belfast

Belfast has two universities. Queens University Belfast was founded in 1845 and is a member of the Russell Group, an association of 20 leading research-intensive universities in the UK. [189] It is one of the largest universities in the UK with 25,231 basic and postgraduate students spread over 250 buildings, of which 120 are listed as of architectural value. [190] University of Ulster, created in its current form in 1984, is a multi-center universities a university campus in the Cathedral quarter of Belfast. Belfast campus has a special focus on art and design and architecture, and is currently undergoing major refurbishment. The Jordan campus, just seven miles (11 km) from Belfast city center focusing on technology, health and social sciences. The Coleraine campus, about 55 mi (89 km) from Belfast city center concentrates on a wide range of topics. Course provision is broad – biomedicine, environmental science and geography, psychology, business, humanities and languages, film and journalism, travel and tourism, teacher training and computers are among the campuses forces. The Magee campus, about 70 mi (113 km) from Belfast city center has many educational strengths; including business, computers, creative techniques, care, Irish language and literature, social sciences, law, psychology, peace and conflict studies and performing arts. Conflict Archive on the Internet (CAIN) Web Service gets funding from both universities and is a rich source of information and sources of unrest as well as society and politics in Northern Ireland. [191]

Belfast Metropolitan College is a large further education college with three main locations around the city, including several smaller buildings. Formerly known as the Belfast Institute of Further and Higher Education, specializing in vocational training. The College has over 53,000 students enrolled on full-time and part-time courses, making it one of the largest further education colleges in the UK and the largest on the island of Ireland. [192]

The Belfast Education and Library Board was established in 1973 as the municipality is responsible for education, youth and library services in the city. [193] There are 184 primary, secondary and grammar schools in the city. [194]

The Ulster Museum in Belfast.

Tourism

Titanic Belfast, Belfast devoted built RMS Titanic, was opened in 2012

Belfast is one of the most visited cities in the UK, [195] and the second most visited on the island of Ireland. [Citation needed] In 2008, 7.1 million tourists visited the city. [Citation needed] Many popular tour bus companies and boat trips run there throughout the year.

Frommers, the American travel guidebook series, which is listed Belfast as the only UK destination in its Top 12 destinations to visit in 2009. The other listed destinations were Berlin (Germany), Cambodia, Cape Town (South Africa), Cartagena (Colombia), Istanbul (Turkey), the Lassen Volcanic National Park (USA), Saqqara (Egypt), the Selma to Montgomery National Historic Trail (US), Waiheke Island (New Zealand), Washington, DC (USA), and Waterton Lakes National Park (Canada ). [196]

Belfast City Council is currently investing in the whole rebuilding of the Titanic Quarter, which is planned to consist of apartments, hotels, and a river entertainment district. A major tourist attraction, Titanic Belfast is a monument to Belfast’s maritime heritage at the site of the former Harland & Wolff shipyard was opened on 31 March 2012. It has a cross by escalators and suspended walkways and nine high-tech galleries. [197] They also hope to invest in a new modern transport systems (including high-speed and others) for Belfast, with a cost of £ 250 million. [198]

There is a tourist information office is located on Donegall Place. [199]

Twin towns – Sister cities

Belfast has the following twin cities: [200]

Nashville, Tennessee, United States (since 1994)
Hefei, Anhui Province, China (since 2005)
Boston, Massachusetts, United States (since 2014)
Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China (since 2016)

References
1. ^ Jump up to: ab “Belfast City Council.” Retrieved February 22, 2016.
2. Jump up ^ Britain’s metropolitan regions Office for National Statistics (urban area of Belfast and connected settlements, Table 3.1, page 47)
3. Jump up ^ Statistical Classification and delineation of Settlements (PDF), NISRA in February 2005, retrieved May 13, 2012
4. Jump up ^ Wakefield, Edward. A report on Ireland, statistical and policy: in two volumes. 2nd London: Longman, Hurst, Rees, Orme and Brown. pp. 693-694.
5. Jump up ^ “Census of record 1821 figures.” Cso.ie. Archives from the original The 20 September 2010. Retrieved 12 August of 2010.
6. Jump up ^ “Home.” Histpop.Org. 2 April 2007. Retrieved November 13 of 2010.
7. Jump up ^ NISRA. “Northern Ireland Statistics and Research Agency – Census website.” Nisranew.nisra.gov.uk. Archived from the original on 4 April 2010. Retrieved twelve August of 2010.
8. Jump up ^ Lee, JJ (1981). “On the accuracy of pre-famine Irish censuses”. In the Gold Strom, JM; Clarkson, LA Irish Populatioe, Economy and Society: Essays in Honour of the late KH Connell. Oxford, England: Clarendon Press.
9. Jump up ^ Mokyr, Joel; O Smooth, Cormac (November 1984). “New Developments in the Irish population history, 1700-1850”. The Economic History Review. 37 (4) :. 473-488 doi: 10.1111 / j.1468-0289.1984.tb00344.x.
10. Jump up ^ “Belfast City Council Belfast. A profile of the city Demography. “.Belfastcity.gov.uk. Archived from the original at 25 Sep of 2010. Hämtad12 August of 2010.
11. Jump up ^ Royal Mint – Belfast
12. Jump up ^ City Metric
13. Jump up ^ “The World According GaWC 2012”. Globalization and World Cities (GaWC) Study Group and Network. Loughborough University. Hämtad15 February 2014.
14. ^ Jump up to: a b c d “placental Database of Ireland – Belfast: view scanned items” .Logainm.ie. Retrieved May 25, 2014.
15. ^ Jump up to: ab “placenames / Logainmneacha – Belfast”. BBC Northern Ireland – Education. BBC. Retrieved 17 May 2007.
16. Jump up ^ Keenan, Desmond (2000). Pre-Famine Ireland. XLibris.com.Kapitel fifth
17. Jump up ^ “placental Database of Ireland – Belfarsad”. Logainm.ie. Hämtad13 November 2010.
18. Jump up ^ Hogan, Edmund (1910). Onomasticon Goedelicum. Dublin. ,. O’Donovan, John (1856) Annals of the Kingdom of Ireland. Dublin.
19. Jump up ^ “Ulster Scots language and dialects of Ulster”. The Linen Hall Library .Hämtas March 3, 2016.
20. Jump up ^ Annual Report Ulster-Scots in 2006 North / South Ministerial Council.
21. Jump up ^ BBC Ulster-Scots Library – Switherin day Ullans Speakers Association. Retrieved October 6, 2011.
22. Jump up ^ “North-South Ministerial Council 2010 Annual Report Ulster Scots” (PDF) .Hämtas two August 2014.
23. Jump up ^ “North-South Ministerial Council: 2009 annual report Ulster Scots” (PDF) .Hämtas two August 2014.
24. Jump up ^ “Belfast City Hall.” Discover Northern Ireland. Ireland Tourist Board.Arkiverat from the original at 16 June 2007. Retrieved 18 May 2007.
25. Jump up ^ “Belfast, Newcastle County Down coast.” County Down Northern Ireland. GoIreland.com. Archived from the original on 19 December 2008. Retrieved 17 January 2009.
26. Jump up ^ “A walk on the outskirts of Belfast Giant Ring Trail, Northern Ireland”. The Guardian. 12 May 2012. Retrieved 1 June 2014.
27. Jump up ^ Komesu, Okifumi (1990). Irish writer and policy. Rowman & Littlefield. p. 73. ISBN 978-0-389-20926-3.
28. Jump up ^ “The celebration marks the arrival of the first Ulster Scots in Ireland” (PDF) .Irish News. 24 April 2006. File (PDF) from the original The 27 September 2007. Retrieved 18 September of 2007.
29. Jump up ^ “History of Belfast Castle.” Tourism and arenas. Belfast City Council. 2014. Retrieved May 19, 2014.
30. Jump up ^ Connolly, Sean J. (2008). Divided Kingdom Ireland 1630-1800. Oxford University Press. pp. 434-449. ISBN 978-0-19-958387-4.
31. Jump up ^ “Cranes to stay on the city skyline.” BBC News. 9 October 2003. Retrieved March 12, 2007.
32. Jump up ^ Ryland, Frederick (1897). Events of the reign 1837-1897 .London: George Allen. p. 101. OCLC 267093697th
33. Jump up ^ Robert Lynch, Northern IRA and the first years of Partition, P227
34. Jump up ^ “The Belfast Blitz remember.” BBC News. 11 April 2001. Hämtat12 March 2007.
35. Jump up ^ Kelters, Seamus (February 2013). “Violence in the Troubles”. History. BBC .Hämtad May 19, 2014.
36. Jump up ^ o Dochartaigh, Niall (1999). From Civil Rights to Armalites. Cork University Press. p. 292. ISBN 978-1-85918-108-9.
37. Jump up ^ “Sutton Index deaths”. Cain. 11 April 2001. Retrieved July 9, 2013 .Sök for Belfast in “text search in the description (and keywords)”
38. Jump up ^ “Belfast City Hall: History and Background”. Belfast City Council. Archived from the original on 4 May 2007. Hämtat24 May 2007.
39. Jump up ^ “Local Government (Boundaries) Act (Northern Ireland) 1971”. Conflict Archive on the Internet (CAIN). 2007. Archived from the original July 7, 2007. Retrieved 24 May 2007.
40. ^ Jump up to: ab “Councillors: Lord Mayor.” Belfast City Council. Archived from the original on 7 June 2007. Retrieved 24 May 2007.
41. Jump up ^ “Belfast City Council elections from 1993 to 2005”. Northern Ireland elections .Nordirland Social and Political Archive (ARK). 2005. Archived from the original on 8 June 2007. Retrieved 24 May 2007.
42. Jump up ^ “Belfast signs Sister Cities agreement with Boston.” belfastcity.gov.uk.
43. Jump up ^ “Sister Cities Online Directory: UK, Europe, Sister Cities International Retrieved 17 November 2011 ..
44. Jump up ^ Belfast signed sister city agreement with Hefei 4NI.co.uk. Retrieved 19 February 2008.
45. Jump up ^. Black, Rebecca (25 March 2014) “Belfast and Boston to be named sister cities -“. Belfasttelegraph.co.uk. Hämtastvå August 2014.
46. Jump up ^ Elle Movement, John (12 May 2014). “Boston signed sister city agreements with the Belfast”. The Boston Globe. Retrieved May 12, 2014.
47. Jump up ^ “Northern Ireland elections”. BBC News. May 8, 2016. Retrieved 11 May, 2016.
48. Jump up ^ “Westminster elections in Northern Ireland 2005 ‘. Northern Ireland elections. Northern Ireland Social and Political Archive (ARK). 2005. Archived from the original on 8 June 2007. Retrieved 24 May 2007.
49. Jump up ^ King James Bible, Psalm 116 Verse 12
50. Jump up ^ “I thought of the two mottos in Belfast and America -” Quid Pro Tanto “and” E Pluribus Unum. “I reliable information that these roughly translated as” In return for so much, what shall we give back? “And” From many, one. ” “Celebrate Diversity Belfast Mayor Tom Ekin
51. ^ Jump up to: a b. Brett, the CEB (1967) Buildings of Belfast, from 1700 to 1914. London: Weidenfeld and Nicolson.
52. ^ Jump up to: a b c “Introduction to the Titanic – Titanic in history.” Titanic. Built in Belfast. Ulster Folk Transport Museum. Archived from the original August 17, 2007. Retrieved eighteen May 2007.
53. Jump up ^ “Sunrise and sunset in Belfast”. Sun Calculator. time and date.com. Retrieved 18 May 2007.
54. Jump up ^ “Lagan Weir – Why it exists.” Laganside. Archived from the original on 18 April 2007. Retrieved 25 May 2007.
55. Jump up ^ “field measurements in Northern Ireland”. 2001 census data .Nordirland Statistics & Research Agency. 2001. Archived from the original 25 May 2014. Retrieved eighteen May 2007.
56. Jump up ^ “Belfast City: Did you know?”. Discover Ireland. Tourism Ireland. 2007. Archived from the original on 28 September 2007. Retrieved eighteen May 2007.
57. Jump up ^ Des O’Reilly, rivers of Belfast – A History
58. Jump up ^ “Belfast Hills”. Discover Northern Ireland. Northern Ireland Tourist Board .Hämtat 18 May 2007.
59. Jump up ^ “If Cave Hill.” Cave Hill Conservation Campaign. 2007. Archived from the original February 6, 2007. Retrieved 25 May 2007.
60. Jump up ^ “Station Locations”. Retrieved 23 September 2011.
61. ^ Jump up to: a b c “Climate: Northern Ireland”. Met Office. Retrieved 25 May 2007.
62. Jump up ^ “2001 Minimum”. Retrieved 23 September 2011.
63. Jump up ^ “Belfast, Northern Ireland – Average Conditions”. BBC Weather Centre. BBC. Archived from the original on May 18, 2014. Hämtat8 October of 2009.
64. Jump up ^ “rainfall in Ireland.” Met Éireann. Archived from the original on 2 June 2007. Retrieved 25 May 2007.
65. Jump up ^ “1983 Maximum”. Retrieved 23 September 2011.
66. Jump up ^ “1971-2000 average warmest day”. Hämtadskrevs 23 September 2011.
67. Jump up ^ “> 25c days”. Retrieved 23 September 2011.
68. Jump up ^ “> January 1982 Minimum”. Retrieved 23 September 2011.
69. Jump up ^ “> Air frost occurrence.” Retrieved 23 September 2011.
70. Jump up ^ “> December 2010 minimum. ‘ Retrieved 23 September 2011.
71. Jump up ^ “average annual warmest day”. Hämtadskrevs 22 September 2011.
72. Jump up ^ “> 25c days”. Retrieved 22 September 2011.
73. Jump up ^ “> annual average coldest night”. Hämtadskrevs 22 September 2011.
74. Jump up ^ “> Average frost occurrence.” Retrieved September 222011th
75. Jump up ^ “Belfast from 1981 to 2010 Average”. KNMI. Retrieved June 15, 2016.
76. Jump up ^ “Belfast outliers”. KNMI. Retrieved June 15, 2016.
77. Jump up ^ “Belfast International Airport (Aldergrove) 1981-2010 average.” Met Office. Retrieved November 4, 2012.
78. Jump up ^ “Airpoirt Belfast International (Aldergrove) outliers”. KNMI .Hämtad 8 November 2011.
79. Jump up ^ Margrethe C. Lauber. “Belfast Peace Lines: An analysis of urban boundaries, Design and social space in a divided city.” Archived from originaletden 8 February 2007. Retrieved eighteen May 2007.
80. Jump up ^ “” a process of removing Interface Barriers “, Tony Macaulay, July 2008” (PDF). Retrieved twelve August of 2010.
81. Jump up ^ “Major makeover for Belfast City Centre”. Department of Social Development (NI). June 12, 2007. Archived from the original on 28 September 2007. Retrieved 12 June 2007.
82. Jump up ^ “the arterial Routes”. Belfast Metropolitan Area Plan 2015 Draft Plan. Planning Service. Archived from the original 18 May 2014. Retrieved May 18, 2014.
83. Jump up ^ “The UK Postcode System.” List Masters. 2005.Arkiverat from the original on 24 June 2007. Retrieved 12 June 2007.
84. ^ Jump up to: ab “The Cathedral Quarter, Belfast.” Northern Ireland Tourist Board. 2014. Retrieved May 18, 2014.
85. Jump up ^ “Gaeltacht Quarter.” Department of Culture, Arts and Leisure. 2007. Archived from the original The 27 September 2007. Taken 15 januari2016.
86. Jump up ^ “Contact”. Ulster Museum. 2007. Archived from the original The 29 May 2007. Retrieved eighteen May 2007.
87. Jump up ^ “The Golden Mile Pub Crawl”. Virtual Belfast. Archived from the original on 24 June 2007. Retrieved 25 May 2007.
88. Jump up ^ “Shopping at a Glance”. Visit South Belfast. South Belfast Partnership. Archived from the original 25 May 2014. Retrieved 18 maj2007.
89. Jump up ^ Burns, Gemma (28 February 2007). “A passion for preserving Belfast Beauty”. South Belfast News. Retrieved March 12, 2007. [Dead link]
90. ^ Jump up to: ab “Corporate Message: Vision”. About the Titanic Quarter .Titanic Quarter. 2006. Archived from the original on 3 May 2007. Retrieved Eighteen May 2007.
91. Jump up ^ Krishna Dutta (2003). Calcutta: a cultural and literary .Signal books. p. 132. ISBN 978-1-902669-59-5.
92. Jump up ^ Wine, Michael (25 May 2006). “When the road to Rename is not running Smooth”. The New York Times. Archived from the original April 16, 2009. Retrieved 1 October of 2007.
93. ^ Jump up to: a b c “Historic Belfast A guide to the city’s landmark buildings” .Go to Belfast. Archived from the original The 18 June 2007. Retrieved 23 maj2007.
94. Jump up ^ Morgan, Ian (4 March 2007). “Ireland’s tallest building to be converted into apartments.” 24dash.com. Archived from the original September 29, 2007. Retrieved June 2, 2007.
95. Jump up ^ “The BBC are looking for stars in Belfast film noir”. BBC News Northern Ireland. 23 February 2007. Retrieved 23 May 2007.
96. Jump up ^ “Harland and Wolff complete SeaRose docking project”. Harland and Wolff. Retrieved 20 June 2014.
97. Jump up ^ “Grand Opera House.” Bio taxes. Retrieved 1 June 2007.
98. Jump up ^ “Neeson in the attempt to revive the theater.” BBC News. 10 December 2004. Archived from the original The 16 January 2008. Hämtatsyv December 2007.
99. Jump up ^ Home
100. ^ Jump up to: ab “Parks and gardens”. gotobelfast. 1 April 2007. Taken May 162,009th
101. Jump up ^ “Why urban art is put on the map”. BBC News. Retrieved 18 maj2014.
102. Jump up ^ “your locality Space Strategy” (PDF). Belfast City Council. p. 49. File from the original on May 18, 2014. Retrieved 18 May 2007.
103. Jump up ^ “If the Field Club.” Belfast Naturalists’ Field Club. Retrieved May 18, 2014.
104. Jump up ^ gardens and Tourism, the Northern Ireland Tourist Board, March 2012, p. 5, retrieved May 25, 2014
105. Jump up ^ “Palm House Botanic Gardens, Belfast.” Houses, castles and gardens in Ireland. Archived from the original The 13 May 2008. Retrieved 18 May 2007.
106. Jump up ^ “Tropical Ravine”. Belfast City Council. Archived from the original on 17 May 2009. Retrieved May 30 of 2009.
107. ^ Jump up to: ab “Sir Thomas and Lady Dixon Park and City of Belfast International Rose Garden”. Go to Belfast. Archived from the original The 31 May 2007. Retrieved 18 May 2007.
108. Jump up ^ “Sir Thomas and Lady Dixon Park.” Discover Northern Ireland. Northern Ireland Tourist Board. Archived from the original on 15 June 2007. Hämtat18 May 2007.
109. Jump up ^ “Parks and gardens”. belfastzoo. On April 1, 2007. Archived from the original April 14, 2009. Retrieved sixteen May 2009.
110. ^ Jump up to: a b c “Comparative Demographic Profile: Belfast City Council, Northern Ireland”. 2001 census data (Crown Copyright). Northern Ireland Statistics & Research Agency. 2001. Archived from the original The 27 September 2007. Retrieved seventeen May 2007.
111. ^ Jump up to: a b “Area profile Belfast Metropolitan Urban Area (BMUA)” .Folkräkningen 2001 data. Northern Ireland Statistics & forskningsinstitut.2001. Archived from the original The 27 September 2007. Retrieved 16 maj2007.
112. Jump up ^ Pointer, Graham. “Britain’s metropolitan areas” (PDF). UK National Statistics. Archive (PDF) from the original The 30 November 2007. Retrieved December 7, 2007.
113. ^ Jump up to: a b. Stephen, Roulston (2006) “Urban Structure: Growth of Belfast” .Geografi in Action. National Grid for Learning. Archived from the original 15 April 2007. Retrieved eighteen May 2007.
114. Jump up ^ McCulloch, Andrew, “An analytical look at our religious background and segregation in Belfast” Meaning Magazine, retrieved 13 maj2012
115. Jump up ^ “Population density: QS102NI (administrative geographies).” Northern Ireland Statistics and Research Agency. 2011. Retrieved May 30, 2014.
116. Jump up ^ “Northern Ireland deprived Measure” (PDF). Department of Finance and Personnel. May 2005 Archives (PDF) from the original The 5 June 2007. Hämtat18 May 2007.
117. Jump up ^ Stephen Roulston (2006). “Ethnic diversity segregation in Belfast Introduction to ethnic diversity in Belfast.”. Geography in Action. National Grid for Learning. Archived from the original on 18 May 2007. Hämtat18 May 2007.
118. Jump up ^ Lloyd, C. (2003). “To measure local segregation in Northern Ireland” (PDF) .Centrum for spatial territorial Analysis and Research (C-STAR). School of Geography, Queen’s University. Retrieved March 12, 2006.
119. Jump up ^ Doherty, P (1995). “Ethnic segregation in Belfast”. Centre for the study of conflict. University of Ulster, Coleraine: Chapter 8. File from the original March 3, 2006 is taken. Twelve March 2006.
120. Jump up ^ “Ethnic minorities: Who lives here” (PDF). Northern Ireland Education: Teacher’s Notes. BBC. Archive (PDF) from the original The 5 June 2007. Hämtat24 May 2007.
121. ^ Jump up to: a b c d “Northern Ireland Neighbourhood Information Service”. Taken eleven juni2015.
122. ^ Jump up to: ab “Northern Ireland Neighbourhood Information Service”. Taken eleven juni2015.
123. Jump up ^ “About Us”. Belfast Islamic Centre. In 2007. Retrieved 24 May 2007.
124. Jump up ^ “Hinduism”. Primary focus: Program 1 – Indian Community .BBC. Retrieved 8 October of 2007.
125. Jump up ^ “Durkan” hopeful “for the future of the Good Friday Agreement”. Department of Finance and Personnel. Retrieved 17 September of 2007.
126. Jump up ^ “the House of Commons Hansard written reply to Feb. 13, 2002” .The house. Retrieved 17 September of 2007.
127. Jump up ^ “U2 Tower strikes bad chord with residents.” BBC News. 7 August 2006. Retrieved 13 March 2007.
128. Jump up ^ “Monthly Labour Market Report”. Department of Enterprise, Trade and Investment. 15 February 2006. Archived from the original The 27 September 2007. Retrieved eighteen May 2007.
129. Jump up ^ “employment”. National Statistics. Office for National Statistics.Mars 2006. Archived from the original The 18 May 2007. Retrieved 18 maj2007.
130. Jump up ^ Morgan, Oliver (1 April 2007). “From bombs and bullets boom towns”. The Guardian. London. Retrieved sixteen May 2007.
131. Jump up ^ “Northern Reaches Watershed in house prices” (Press release) .University of Ulster. 15 November 2007. Retrieved December 10, 2007.
132. Jump up ^ Carson, Helen (28 February 2007). “Typical price of Ulster homes edges ever closer to £ 200,000.” The Belfast Telegraph. Retrieved March 13, 2007. [dead link]
133. Jump up ^ “Homeowners Occupation Prices” (Press release). Halifax. 19 November 2004. Archived from the original (DOC) of 5 June 2007. Retrieved 18 May 2007.
134. Jump up ^ Belfast 2005: Tourism Facts and Figures (PDF). Belfast City Council. 2006. File (PDF) from the original The 5 June 2007. Retrieved 18 May 2007.
135. Jump up ^ “Record number of visitors coming to Belfast.” GO Belfast. July-August 2007, p. 6th
136. Jump up ^ “Invest in Belfast: A 2007 city guide for investors”. Belfast City Council. Archived from the original The 10 October 2007. Retrieved eighteen May 2007.
137. Jump up ^ “Belfast” UK’s fastest growing economy ‘. ” Wilson-nesbitt.com. June 30, 2008. Archived from the original 25 Maj 2014. Retrieved August twelve in 2010.
138. ^ Jump up to: ab “Northern Ireland – Overview”. The Times. Bcglocations.com. Archived from the original November 4, 2006. Retrieved 12 August augusti2010.
139. Jump up ^ “The New Celtic Tiger: Belfast is Open for Business.” DER SPIEGEL. 4 July 2008. Retrieved twelve August of 2010.
140. ^ Jump up to: a b c Beckett, JC; et al. (2003). Belfast, The Making of the City. Chapter 1: Belfast at the end of the eighteenth century. Belfast Apple Press Ltd. pp 13-26 .. ISBN 0-86281-878-8.
141. Jump up ^. McCreary, Alf (22 January 2014) “The industrial revolution transformed Belfast, making it Ireland’s biggest city – and it all started with the port.”. The Belfast Telegraph. Retrieved May 25, 2014.
142. ^ Jump up to: a b Beckett, JC; Boyle, E. (2003). Belfast, The Making of the City. Chapter 3: “Linenopolis” the rise of the textile industry. Belfast Apple Press Ltd. pp 41-56 .. ISBN 0-86281-878-8.
143. Jump up ^ Beckett, JC; Sweetman, R (2003). Belfast, The Making of the City.Kapitel 4: Development of the port. Belfast Apple Press Ltd. p 57-70..ISBN 0-86281-878-8.
144. Jump up ^ “Corporate series Northern Ireland” (PDF). Corporate Northern Ireland in 2007. Corporate series. Archived from the original (PDF) of 16 February 2008. Retrieved 7 December 2007.
145. ^ Jump up to: a b “? Northern Ireland – Where is the bright new future. ” Management Today .23 March 2006. Retrieved sixteen May 2007.
146. Jump up ^ “The Silent Valley”. Northern Ireland Water. In 2007. Taken 30 maj2014.
147. ^ Jump up to: a b c “Strategic Plan Framework: public services and utilities” .Förslag Belfast Metropolitan Area Plan 2015 Planning service..Arkiveras from the original The 27 September 2007. Retrieved 26 May 2007.
148. Jump up ^ “Water reform: Secretary of State announces the suspension of contributions” .Water Reform NI. March 2007. Archived from the original June 9, 2007. Retrieved 26 May 2007.
149. Jump up ^ “Belfast Sewer Project – Facts”. Northern Ireland Water. In 2007. Retrieved May 26 of 2007. [Dead link]
150. Jump up ^ “Summary of credit rating reform domestic” .Institutionen for finance and personnel. 2005. Archived from the original on 5 May 2007. Retrieved 26 May 2007.
151. Jump up ^ “Domestic prices Reform”. Fair prices campaign. Retrieved 26 May 2007.
152. Jump up ^ “Review of Public Administration: Consultation on draft legislation for the establishment of five new integrated health and social care trusts” (PDF) .DHSSPS. Archive (PDF) from the original The 27 September 2007. Hämtad17 September of 2007.
153. Jump up ^ Payne, William (September 1998). “Hospital Development: PFI beyond DBFO”. ProQuest Information and Learning Company. Wilmington Publishing Ltd. Retrieved 6 May 2007. [Dead link]
154. Jump up ^ Morrison, PJ (2006). “Better statistics Cancer – a new cancer center for Northern Ireland”. Ulster Medical Journal. Ulster Medical Society. 75 (2): 110. PMC 1,891,734. PMID 16755938.
155. Jump up ^ “Belfast City Hospital: If the unit.” Renal Association.November in 2006. Retrieved 24 May 2007.
156. Jump up ^ “TRH open Northern Ireland’s first Regional Acquired Brain Injury Unit” .The Prince of Wales. May 15, 2006. Archived from the original March 7, 2007. Retrieved 6 May 2007.
157. Jump up ^ “M2 / M22 motorway.” Wesleyjohnston.com. Hämtadtolv August of 2010.
158. ^ Jump up to: a b Northern Ireland Statistics and Research Agency (18 October 2005). “Travel Survey for Northern Ireland 2002-04” (PDF). The Department of Regional Development. Archived from the original on 19 May, 2007. Retrieved six maj2007.
159. Jump up ^ “The official opening of the M1 / Westlink Improvement Scheme” .Avdelningen for regional development. March 12, 2009. Archived from originalpå 27 December 2010. Retrieved 1 February 2011.
160. Jump up ^ “road improvements System – In planning”. The Department of Regional Development NI.
161. Jump up ^ “York Street Interchange – Scheme website”. The Department of Regional Development NI. 26 November 2009. Archived from the original June 10, 2013.
162. Jump up ^ Nutley, Stephen D. (1990). Unconventional and common transport in the UK. Gordon and Breach Science Publishers. pp. 318-322.ISSN 0278-3819.
163. Jump up ^ “Metro corridor and Zone Guide.” Trans Metro. August 27, 2012. Retrieved 2 June 2014.
164. Jump up ^ London to Belfast and Northern Ireland – Seat61.com
165. Jump up ^ “No video tramway for the city.” BBC News. 8 April 2008. Hämtadmaj 30 in 2009.
166. Jump up ^ “City to get rapid transit network.” BBC Northern Ireland. 8 April 2008.Arkiverat from the original April 9, 2008. Retrieved April 4, 2008.
167. Jump up ^ Northern Ireland Statistics and Research Agency (28 September 2006). “Northern Ireland Transport Statistics Annual 2005-2006” (PDF). The Department of Regional Development 555.224 passengers in 2009. Archived from the original on 19 May 2007. Retrieved two May 2007.
168. Jump up ^ “Summary of the bid”. A Belfast If Hope and History Rhyme (Internet Archive). Imagine Belfast, 2008. 22 November 2002. Archived from the original December 7, 2002. Retrieved 24 May 2007.
169. Jump up ^ “Official websites of the British bid for the European Capital of Culture 2008”. The Guardian. London. 30 October 2002. Retrieved thirteen mars2007.
170. Jump up ^ Ward, D; Carter, H (31 October 2002). “Six cities nominated for the culture capital bid”. The Guardian. London. Retrieved 13 March 2007.
171. ^ Jump up to: ab “Integrated Cultural Strategy for Belfast” (PDF). Capital: Belfast City Council Development Agenda. May 2006. Retrieved 24 May 2007.
172. Jump up ^ “Welcome to the new season.” Ulster Orchestra Society.Arkiveras from the original February 5, 2007. Retrieved 24 May 2007.
173. Jump up ^ “The History of Belfast Underground clubs” .Www.belfastundergroundclubs.com. Retrieved February 7, 2016.
174. Jump up ^ “Comharthaà Bus san Iarthar Gaeilge / Irish bus signs in the West | Here comes the new Belfast “. Forbairtfeirste.com. Hämtastvå August 2014.
175. Jump up ^ “Research Guide: Irish News & Magazines”. Boston College. 2007. Archived from the original August 9, 2007. Retrieved 24 May 2007.
176. Jump up ^ Johnston, Ruth. “Belfast Newsletter”. Your place and mine. BBC .Hämtat 24 May 2007.
177. Jump up ^ “If homely planet”. Homelyplanet.org. Retrieved May 20, 2014.
178. Jump up ^ Henry, Lesley-Ann (2 March 2011). “MTV Europe Music Awards will be held in Belfast.” The Belfast Telegraph. Retrieved 14 November 2011.
179. Jump up ^ Jones, Lucy (6 November 2011). “2011 MTV Europe Music Awards: as it happened.” The Daily Telegraph. Retrieved May 20, 2014.
180. Jump up ^ “Belfast Marathon breaks 20,000 barrier.” Belfast kommunfullmäktige.18 April 2011. Archived from the original on 24 September 2011. Hämtat9 July 2011.
181. Jump up ^ “FIFA / Coca Cola World Rankings.” FIFA. 11 November 2014. Hämtat11 November 2014.
182. Jump up ^ McCann, Nuala (3 December 2005). “A city mourn for Belfast Boy” .BBC News Northern Ireland. BBC. Retrieved 18 May 2005.
183. Jump up ^ “George Best Memorial Trust”. George Best Trust. Archived from the original September 29, 2007. Retrieved eighteen May 2007.
184. Jump up ^ “Information and Statistics” (PDF). GAA attendances. Gaelic Athletic Association Gaelic Athletic Association. Archive (PDF) from the original on 26 May 2006. Retrieved 18 May 2006.
185. Jump up ^ South Antrim clubs. CLG Aontroim. Retrieved 11 November 2007.
186. Jump up ^ “Antrim boss in protest maze game.” Sunday Mirror. March 13, 2005. Retrieved 17 September of 2007. [Dead link]
187. Jump up ^ “Snooker on the ropes – Hurricane”. BBC. On April 16, 2007. Archived from the original on 21 August 2007. Retrieved 17 September of 2007.
188. Jump up ^ “WBA History”. World Boxing Association. Archived from originaletden 11 October 2007. Retrieved seventeen September of 2007.
189. Jump up ^ “If Russell Group: Goals and targets.” Russell Group. 2007. Archived from the original The 7 June 2007. Retrieved 24 May 2007.
190. Jump up ^ “If the queen: Facts and Figures”. Queens University Belfast. 2007. Archived from the original The 13 May 2007. Retrieved 24 May 2007.
191. Jump up ^ “Conflict and Politics in Northern Ireland (1968 to present)”. Conflict Archive on the Internet (CAIN). 2007. Archived from the original The 30 May 2007. Hämtat24 May 2007.
192. Jump up ^ “Belfast Metropolitan College – About us”. Belfast Metropolitan College. 2007. Archived from the original December 16, 2007. Hämtad12 December 2007.
193. Jump up ^ “About Us: roles and functions of the Belfast Education and Library Board”. Belfast Education and Library Board. Retrieved May 18, 2014.
194. Jump up ^ “Schools Database – List of institutions”. Department of Education. Retrieved 24 May 2007.
195. Jump up ^ “Belfast fifth most popular UK tourist destination”. Belfast newsletter .22 May 2013. Retrieved May 19, 2014.
196. Jump up ^ “Belfast Makes Top 12”. The Daily Telegraph.
197. Jump up ^ Dougan, Patrice (2 April 2012). “Inside Titanic Belfast – a guided tour” .The Belfast Telegraph. Retrieved May 19, 2014.
198. Jump up ^ “the Telegraph article, Publication of the rebuilding of the Titanic Quarter.” The Belfast Telegraph. 27 November 2008. Retrieved 30 maj2009.
199. Jump up ^ “Tourist information center”. Tourism. Belfast City Council .2014. Retrieved May 19, 2014.
200. Jump up ^ “Belfast signs Sister Cities agreement with Boston.” News. Belfast City Council. May 12, 2014. Retrieved January 15, 2016.

Bally (from Irish: Baile an Chai Style, which means “city of the castle”) [4] is a small town in County Antrim, Northern Ireland.

The town lies on the north-eastern coastal tip of the island of Ireland, at the northern mainland boundary of the Antrim Coast and Glens Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty. Rathlin Island and the Mull of Kintyre in Scotland can be seen from the coast. The Ould Lammas Fair is held every year on the last Monday and Tuesday of August. Bally is home to Corrymeela Community. It was the main seat and the dismantling of the old Moyle and is part of the North Antrim constituency. Its elected MP Ian Paisley Jr. Bally was named the best place to stay in Northern Ireland in a list compiled by The Sunday Times in 2016.

Demography

Bally is classified as a small town on the Northern Ireland Statistics and Research Agency. [5] On April 29, 2001 2001 census, the population of Bally was 5089, of the following:

25.3% were younger than 16 years, and 18.7% were aged 60 and over

46.8% of the population were male and 53.2% were women

77.7% were from a Catholic background and 20.5% were from a Protestant background

6.5% of the population aged 16-74 were unemployed

Tourist attractions

Breakers on the Antrim Coast near Ballyshannon, Ireland, with cliffs Fairhead .Skottland appears in the distance on clear days.

Fairhead, Ballycastle’s promontory rising 196 meters (643 feet) from the bay. Goats can be seen roaming among the rocks below the cliffs, where a walkway called “The Gray Man road winds around the rugged coastline. From the road, an artificial island or the Iron Age Crannog can be seen in the middle of a large lake. [6]

Knocklayde, a heather-covered mountains with an altitude of 1,695 feet, crowned by Carn na Truagh (heap sorrow), and offers sweeping views of Ballycastle, Rathlin Island, Fair Head and Scotland. [7]

Glentaisie, the northernmost of the nine Glens of Antrim, at the foot of the mountain Knocklayde. It is named after Princess Taisie, daughter of King Dorm of Rathlin Island. According to legend Taisie, known for its great beauty, was betrothed to Congal, heir to the Kingdom of Ireland. King of Norway also sought her hand in marriage, and when he came to claim his bride, her wedding party to Congal had begun. The king and his army tried to capture Taisie, but in the ensuing battle he was killed, and his army fled leaderboard and empty-handed.

Carey, Glenshesk and Tow Rivers flow down from the valleys of the River Margy. It then flows into the Sea of Moyle beginning of the Strand. [8]

Strands Beach Bally designated a Blue Flag beach.

Pans Rocks, which are the remains of an iron salt desert is located at the far end of Ballycastle Beach, stands out in the sea provides a popular spot for fishing.

Marconi memorial

Devils Churn, located just beyond the Pans Rocks, has steps carved in stone leading to an underwater tunnel.

Clare Clare Park Road, was a farm owned by the then local nobility, the McGildownys. The 17th century building has been pulled down, but it was in a place high up on the Antrim coast.

A bike path runs from Bally to Cushendun, dry-head, with spectacular views and scenery. From the road above the Dry Head entire Moyle (the North Channel can) be seen. A popular place for coastal sea fishing, Torr Head has also enkustbevakning station, which is remarkable because it was built on and out of the remnants of Dunvarragh, fort Barach.

The Corrymeela Community (a Christian organization that promotes peace and reconciliation, founded in 1965) is based on Corrymeela, just outside Ballymena.

Overlooking the harbor, there is a monument to Guglielmo Marconi, whose employees have created the world’s first commercial wireless telegraph transmission between Bally and East Lighthouse påRathlin Island.

Buildings of note

Rathlin Island Ferry, Ballycastle Harbour

Holy Trinity, Church of Ireland, located in Diamond, that is, the main square. Like the rest of the Diamond, is the church of class “A” shown. Built by Colonel Hugh Boyd, who bore the total cost, the church was completed in 1756. It was built in the Greco-Italian style with an apse-shaped chancel, and an octagonal spire of about 100 feet high. It was effectively a chapel for the Boyd family and the estate for many years. The remains of many Boyd descendants are in the vaults below – although it was always the subject of Episcopal jurisdiction. It was given to the Church of Ireland in about 1950. The church is open every day 9:00-05:00.

Bonamargy Friary Cushendall is off the road on the approach to and the Bally is a late Franciscan Foundation was founded in 1485 by Rory MacQuillan. Locked vault holding the remains of the famous chieftain Sorley Boy MacDonnell, and several of the Earls of Antrim. The Friary most famous residents are the 17th century prophet and hermit Julia MacQuillan. Known as “The Black Nun”, she wanted to be buried at the entrance to the chapel, so that she could be trampled under the feet of those who entered. [Citation needed] A round-holed cross marks his grave.

Kinbane castle is located on a promontory jutting into the sea, about 3 miles (5 km) from Ballymena on the road to Ballintoy. Originally a two-story, it was built in 1547 by the Colla MacDonnell, who died within its walls in the 1558th

There are several churches in Ballymena. Bally’s Presbyterian Church (Castle Street) has a distinctive round towers. [9]

Notable people

Sir Roger Casement, Irish writer and Republican Revolutionary

Michael Dallat, previously titular Bishop of Thala

Michelle Fairley, actor

Conleth Hill, actor

Donal Lamont, Emeritus Bishop of Mutare, nominated for the Nobel Peace Prize 1978

David McWilliams, folksinger and musicians

John Samuel Bewley Monsell, priest and hymn writer

Keith Michael Patrick O’Brien, Cardinal and Primate of Scotland [10]

Robert Quigg, soldier and recipient of the Victoria Cross

Transport

Bus services in Bally operated by TransLink.

A ferry, which is currently operated by Rathlin Island Ferry Company, runs between the city and Rathlin Island as part of a lifeline service. The ferry service to the island formerly operated by Caledonian MacBrayne. Ferries previously sailed between Ballycastle and Campbeltown in Scotland, but the service was discontinued in June 2002. A passenger ferry service to Campbeltown, run by the Kintyre Express, now go Friday to Monday during the summer months and on Mondays and Fridays during the winter months. [11]

Bally railway station was opened October 18, 1880, but ended 3 July 1950. It was at Bally Railway, a narrow gauge railway that ran 17 miles connecting Ballymoney Ballymoney station, the railway Belfast and northern counties (BNCR), later Northern County Committee (NCC) and now part of the Northern Ireland railways.

Unrest in Ballymena

There have been four cases of what has come to be known as the troubles in Northern Ireland.

Loyalist paramilitaries left a car bomb outside the Roman Catholic Church (St. Patrick and St. Brigid) in the city of 26 August 1973. It was timed to explode as massgoers left the church. But the service was running late, and the bomb detonated when the congregation was still inside the church, to avoid large losses of human lives. 50 people were injured, three of them seriously. [12]

On June 19, 1979 Irish Republican Army bombed five hotels in different coastal towns in Northern Ireland, including Bally Marine Hotel. William Whitten, a 65-year-old Protestant hotel guest, was seriously injured in the explosion, he died three weeks later. [13] [14]

Spence McGarry (46), an off-duty member of the Royal Ulster Constabulary (RUC), was killed when a Provisional Irish Republican Army trap bomb attached to his car exploded in the Castle Street car park, Bally April 6, 1991. [15] Gerard Butler was sentenced in 1993 for the attack, and was sentenced to 22 years in prison. [16]

In 2001 there was an attempt at mass murder of the Ulster Volunteer Force, when a car bomb was left in Castle Street during the annual Lammas Fair. [17]

Parade disputes

In the past, there has been unrest in the Orange Order parades in the city. In 2001, there was serious unrest at the July 12 parade. As a result, Silver Plains flute band from nearby Moyarget, were forbidden to march in the city because of accusations of sectarian behavior and paramilitary trappings. [18] The North Antrim Orange Order held its annual parade in the city in 2006 after discussions between residents, Orange Order, entrepreneurs, and Sinn Féin parade passed off without incident. [Citation needed]

Climate

As with the rest of the British Isles, Bally experiencing a maritime climate with cool summers and mild winters. The nearest official Met Office weather station that online records available are Bally Patrick Forest, [19] about four miles east-southeast of Bally Patrick.

Sports

Sports of local interest include tennis, bowling (Mary Street), hurling, gaelic football (Whitehall / Leyland Road), and skateboarding. [Citation needed]

Gaelic Games

The McQuillan GAC Bally club has won 17 Antrim Senior Hurling Championships, the second most by a club [citation needed]. The club has won six Ulster Senior Club Hurling Championships and were finalists in the 1980 All-Ireland Senior Club Hurling Championship final. [Citation needed] The club has a number of teams from U8 to both the Senior Hurling and Gaelic football.

The city is also the site of Pairc Mac Uílín, the current Antrim Hurling

Golf

Ballycastle Golf Club offers an 18-hole championship course is open year round for both members and non-members. [21] The track is one of the four courses played each June in the world-famous Causeway Coast Golf Tournament. [22]

Tennis

During the summer, the host city of two tennis tournaments, including one run by Moyle. [23]

The compound football

Ballymena United Football Club together with Moyle FC in 2011, and the team is now competing in Coleraine and District League tomorrow. [24]

Scalar

Ballymena Bowling Club is located outdoors on the sea-front.

Contact: Mr. Samuel Craig 70 Cape Castle Road Ballycastle BT54 6ht Tel: 028 207 51328

See also

Market Houses in Northern Ireland

References

1. Jump up ^ North-South Ministerial Council: 2002 annual Ulster Scots
2. Jump up ^ Bonamargy Friary Guide – Ministry of Environment
3. Jump up ^ Guide to Dunluce Castle in Ulster-Scots Archive 3 September 2012 at the Wayback Machine. HIND.
4. Jump up ^ placental Database of Ireland
5. Jump up ^ Northern Ireland Statistics and Research Agency website
6. Jump up ^ http: //www.thegemsofantrim.com/fairhead.html
7. Jump up ^ http: //www.ballycastle.info/places/knocklayde/knocklayde.htm
8. Jump up ^ http: //www.ireland.com/en-us/destinations/northern-ireland/county-antrim/ballycastle/all/2-2420/
9. Jump up ^ Bally Presbyterian Church
10. Jump up ^ Robert Pigott (3 March 2013). “Cardinal Keith O’Brien sorry for sexual offenses”. BBC. Be checked out three March 2013.
11. Jump up ^ “Kintyre Express – ferry services and private charter.” kintyreexpress.com. Be checked out three May 2014.
12. Jump up ^ Patrick Carville (27 August 1973). “50 hurt in bomb in Ulster”. The Chicago Tribune.
13. Jump up ^ [1]
14. Jump up ^ Ken Wharton (August 2014). Wasted years Wasted Lives. 2nd Helion & Company. p. 210. ISBN 9,781,909,982,178th
15. Jump up ^ “” Unheard Voices “- six stories from the unrest.” Ballymena Times. 6 May 2009.
16. Jump up ^ “Republicans”. The Daily Telegraph. 27 July 2000.
17. Jump up ^ “UVF members linked to the bombing.” BBC News. 1 September 2001.
18. Jump up ^ The Guardian
19. Jump up ^ “Station Locations”. Met Office.
20. Jump up ^ “Bally Patrick Long Term Data”. Met Office. Retrieved September 21, 2011.
21. Jump up ^ “Ballycastle Golf Club”. Http://www.ballycastlegolfclub.com/ .Hämtad February 10, 2015. External link to (help) | website =
22. Jump up ^ “Causeway Coast”. Retrieved March 9, 2015.
23. Jump up ^ Moyle Council
24. Jump up ^ | “Bally UFC.” Retrieved March 9, 2015.

The Antrim Coast and Glens is an area of County Antrim in Northern Ireland, which is designated as an Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty in 1988. [1]

The designation takes in the coast from Ballycastle in the north to the south of Larne in County Antrim, and includes Rathlin Island. The hinterland includes the Glens of Antrim and the Antrim plateau that reaches its highest point at Trostan, 550 meters above sea level and consists of 706 square kilometers.

A2 road (Northern Ireland) See also

• Belfast-Larne
• Belfast-Derry railway
• Coleraine-Portrush railway

Notes and references

1. Jump up ^ Northern Ireland Environment Agency

County Antrim (named after the town of Antrim) is one of six counties that form Northern Ireland, situated in the northeastern part of the island of Ireland. Bordering the northeast coast of Lough Neagh, the county covers an area of 3,046 square kilometers (1,176 sq mi), [5] and has a population of about 618,000. It is one of six traditional counties of Northern Ireland and is located within the historical province of Ulster. County Antrim has a population density of 203 people per square kilometer / 526 people per square mil. [6]

The Glens of Antrim offer isolated rugged landscapes, Giant’s Causeway is a unique landscape and a UNESCO World Heritage Site, Bushmills produces whiskey, and Portrush is a popular seaside resort and nightlife area. The majority of Belfast, capital of Northern Ireland, is in County Antrim, with the remainder being in County Down.

Geography

A large part of Antrim is hilly, especially in the east, where the highest heights achieved. The range runs north and south, and following this direction, the highest points are Knocklayd 514 m (1,690 ft), Slieveanorra 508 m (1,670 ft), Trostan 550 m (1800 feet), Slemish 437 m (1,430 ft), Agnew’s Hill 474 m (1,560 ft) and Divis 478 m (1,570 ft). [7] the inner slope is gradual, but on the north shore area ends in abrupt and almost perpendicular declivities, and therefore has some of the finest coastal scenery in the world are, very different, with their unbroken rows of rocks, from the indented coastline in the West. The most remarkable rocks are formed by perpendicular basalt columns, which extends many miles, and most strikingly displayed in Fair Head and the famous Giant’s Causeway. From the east coast mountains rise immediately but less abrupt, and recesses are wider and deeper. On both coasts are several resorts, including Portrush (with well-known golf links), Portballintrae and Bally; on the east of Cushendun, Cushendall and Water in Red Bay, Carnlough and Glenarm, Larne on the Sea of Moyle, and Whitehead on Belfast Lough. All are somewhat exposed to easterly winds prevailing in spring. The only island size is the L-shaped Rathlin Island, off Bally, 11 km (6.8 mi) in total length of 2 km (1.2 mi) maximum width, 7 km (4.3 mi) from the coast, like basalt and limestone formation mainland. It is partly arable, and supports a small population. Island is a peninsula that separates Larne Lough from North Channel.

Dalarna in Bann and Lagan, with intermediate Lough Neagh, forms the fertile lowlands. These two rivers, both rising in County Down, is the only one of importance. The latter flows into Belfast Lough, the former sewage Lough Neagh, which is fed by several smaller streams. Fishing in Bann and Lough Neagh (especially for salmon and eel) are of value both commercially and athletes, the small town of Toome, at the outflow of the river, being in the center. Immediately below this point is Lough Beg, “Small Lake”, about 4.5 m (15 feet) lower than the Lough Neagh.

Transport

County Antrim, a number of aerospace, rail and sea.

Air

Northern Ireland’s main airport, Belfast International Airport at Aldergrove in County Antrim. Belfast International shares its tracks with the Royal Air Force base RAF Aldergrove, which otherwise has its own facilities. [Citation needed] It is the fifth largest regional air cargo center in the UK. There are regular services to the UK, Europe and North America.

The region is also served by George Best Belfast City Airport, one mil east of Belfast city center in County Down side of the city, which was renamed in 2006 to honor the footballer George Best.

Rail

See also: Category: Railway stations in County Antrim

The main TRANSLINK Northern Ireland Railways routes the major route between Belfast, Antrim, Ballymena, Coleraine and Londonderry, Belfast to Carrickfergus and Larne harbor förStranraer in Scotland, and Coleraine to Portrush.

Sea

Two of Northern Ireland’s main ports are in County Antrim, Larne and Belfast.

Ferries sail from Larne Harbour to destinations including Cairnryan and Troon in Scotland and Fleetwood in England.

The Port of Belfast is Northern Ireland’s premier maritime gateway, serving the Northern Ireland economy and all that in Ireland. It is an important center for trade and industry and has established itself as the focus of logistics operations for Northern Ireland. About two-thirds of Northern Ireland’s seaborne trade, and a quarter of Ireland as a whole, handled at the port, which receives over 6000 ship per year. [8]

Population

Population in County Antrim was 615,384 according to the latest census data, making it the most populous county in Northern Ireland.

Irish

Statistics for 2009-2010 shows 1832 students in 12 Gaelscoileanna (Irish language primary school) and a Gaelcholáiste (Irish language secondary school). [9]

Religion

The Presbyterian Church in Ireland is the largest religious denomination, followed by the Catholic Church and the Anglican Church of Ireland. County Antrim is one of two counties in Ireland, where most people are Protestant, according to the 2001 census, the other is down. The strong Presbyterian presence in the county is largely due to the county’s historical ties with lowland Scotland, which left many immigrants to Ireland. Protestants are in the majority in most of the county, while the Catholics are concentrated in west Belfast, northeast, and on the shores of Lough Neagh.

Administration

The traditional county town is Antrim. More recently, Ballymena was the seat of the provincial government. The counties in Northern Ireland ceased to be administrative units in 1973, with the reorganization of local government.

In Northern Ireland the county structure is no longer used in municipalities. Northern Ireland is divided into districts. The majority of County Antrim residents administered by the following nine areas:

• Antrim and Newtownabbey
• Ballymena Borough Council
• Ballymoney Borough Council
• Belfast City Council
• Carrickfergus Borough Council
• Larne Borough Council
• Lisburn
• Moyle

Small portions of the county is administered by the councils that are based in neighboring counties, including the village Aghagallon Craigavon Borough and the city of Portrush Coleraine Borough.

The county contains within it all the five parliamentary constituencies:

• North Belfast
• Belfast West
• East Antrim
• North Antrim
• south Antrim
• Parts of these constituencies is also in County Antrim
• Belfast South
• East Londonderry
• Lagan Valley
• Upper Bann

settlements

cities

(Places with official city status)

• Belfast
• Lisburn

big Cities

(Population of 18,000 or more and 75,000 at the 2001 census) [10]

• Antrim
• Mena
• carrickfergus
• Larne
• Newtownabbey

Medium cities

(Population of 10,000 or more and 18,000 at the 2001 census) [10]

• no

Small towns

(Population of 4,500 or more and 10,000 at the 2001 census) [10]

• Bally
• Bally
• Bally
• Green
• Jordan
• Port
• Randalstown

Between settlements

(Population of 2250 or more and in 4500 at the 2001 census) [10]

• Ahoghill
• Broughshane
• Crumlin
• Cullybackey
• Whitehead

villages

(Population of 1,000 or more and for 2250 at the 2001 census) [10]

• Bushmills
• Carnlough
• Clough Mills
• Cogry & Kilbride
• Cushendall
• Doagh
• Dunloy
• Glenavy
• Kell
• Portglenone
• Temple

Small villages and hamlets

(Population of less than 1,000 at the 2001 census) [10]

• Aghagallon
• Aghalee
• Aldergrove
• Armoy
• Ballintoy
• Ballycarry
• Bally Aston
• Ballygalley
• Ballynure
• Boneybefore
• Carnalbanagh
• Cargan
• Cushendun
• Dervock
• Glenarm
• Glynn
• Loughguile
• Moss-Side
• Newtown Crommelin
• Parkgate
• Portballintrae
• Rasharkin
• Stranocum
• Also me
• Cairncastle

subdivisions

baronies

Main article: Barony (Ireland)

• Lower Antrim
• Upper Antrim
• Lower Belfast
• Upper Belfast
• carrickfergus
• wear
• Lower Dunluce
• Upper Dunluce
• Lower Glenarm
• Upper Glenarm
• Kilconway
• Lower Massereene
• Upper Massereene
• Lower Toome
• Upper Toome

Helge

Main article: List of civil parishes in County Antrim

townlands

Main article: List of townlands in County Antrim

History

Royal Avenue, Belfast .Photochrom out around 1890-1900.

At what point County Antrim formed is not known, but it seems that a certain neighborhood bar this name before the reign of Edward II (early 14th century), and when shiring of Ulster was made by Sir John Perrot in the 16th century, Antrim Down and already recognized divisions, in contrast to the rest of the province. The earliest known inhabitants were Mesolithic hunter-gatherers of pre-Celtic origin, [11], but the names of the townlands or subdivisions, assumed to have been made in the 13th century, all of Gaelic derivation. [Dubious – discuss]

In ancient times, Antrim inhabited by Celtic people called Darini. [12] In the early Middle Ages, the South County Antrim was part of the Kingdom Ulidia, ruled by Dál Fiatach clans Keenan and MacDonlevy / McDunlavey; North was part of Dál Riada, which extended into what is now western Scotland, the Irish Sea. Dál Riada ruled by O’Lynch clan, who were vassals of Ulidians. Besides Ulidians and Dál Riada was the Dál nAraide lower County Antrim, and Cruthin, which was pre-Gaelic Celts and probably related to the Picts in Britain. [13] between the 8th and 11th centuries Antrim exposed to the inroads of the Vikings.

In the late 12th century, Antrim part of the Earldom of Ulster, was conquered by the Anglo-Norman invaders. A revival of Gaelic power followed the campaign Edward Bruce in 1315, lämnarCarrickfergus as the only major English stronghold. In the late Middle Ages, Antrim divided into three parts: the northern Clandeboye, the Glynnes and route. The Cambro Norman MacQuillans was strong in the Route. A branch of the O’Neills Tyrone migrated to Clandeboye in the 14th century and ruled it for some time. Their family was called O’Neill Clannaboy. A gallowglass September, the Macdonnell, became the most powerful in Glynnes in the 15th century.

During the Tudor era (16th century), many adventurers from Britain tried to colonize the region; many Scots settled in Antrim around this time. [14] In 1588 Antrim coast was the scene of one of the 24 wrecks in the Spanish Armada in Ireland. The Spanish ship La Girona wrecked off Lacana Point, Giant’s Causeway in 1588 with the loss of nearly 1,300 lives. [15]

Antrim is divided into sixteen baronies. Lower Antrim, part of the lower Clandeboye, decided September O’Flynn / O’Lynn. Upper Antrim, part of Lower Clandeboye, was the home of O’Keevans. Belfast was part of Lower Clandeboye and held by O’Neill-Clannaboys. Belfast Lower, Upper Belfast and Carrickfergus was also part of the lower Clandeboye. Cary was part of Glynnes; originally ruled by O’Quinn September MacDonnell galloglasses from Scotland took power here in the late Middle Ages and some of O’Hara also migrated from Connaught. Upper and Lower Dunluce was part of the route, and was ruled by the MacQuillans. Upper and Lower Glenarmstyrdes of O’Flynn / O’Lynn September, is considered part of the Glynn. In addition to this September and it O’Quinn, both of which were native, the Scottish gallowglass SEPTS of MacKeown, MacAlister, and MacGee, there där.Kilconway was originally O’Flynn / O’Lynn territory, but was held by MacQuillans as a part of the route, and later by gallowglass September by MacNeill. Lower Massereene was part of Lower Clandeboye and ruled by O’Flynns and O’Heircs. Upper Massereene was part of Cairn Lower, controlled by O’Heircs. Upper and Lower Toome, part of the route, was O’Flynn / O’Lynn territory. Other first ruled by MacQuillans. Later, the Scottish gallowglass Macdonnell and MacAlisters invaded. The Macdonnell was a branch of the Scottish clan MacDonald; the MacAlisters traced its origins back to the Irish Colla UAIS, the oldest of the three Collas.

Iceland had, besides antiquarian remains, a reputation as a home of witchcraft, and the Irish rebellion in 1641 was the scene of an act of retaliation (for the massacre of Protestants) against the Catholic population of the Scottish Covenanter soldiers in Carrickfergus. [Citation needed]

Williamite 1689 during the war in Ireland, County Antrim was a center of Protestant opposition to the rule of the Catholic James II. During the development crisis, James’ garrison at Carrickfergus successfully repulsed an attempt by local Protestants to storm it. After the performance of the Irish army under Richard Hamilton, all County Antrim completed in Jacobite control. Later in the year a large expedition from England under Marshal Schomberglandade in Belfast Lough and successfully besieged Carrickfergus. After having captured most of the largest cities in the area, then marched south towards Dundalk.

historical monuments

Carrickfergus Castle (1177)

See also: Castle in County Antrim

Antiques in the county consists of cairns, brackets or fort, the remains of ecclesiastical and military structures and round towers.

There are three round towers: one in Antrim, one in Armoy, and one on Ram Island in Lough Neagh, only that at Antrim be perfect. There are some remnants of the church facilities påBonamargy where the Earls of Antrim is buried, Kells, Glenarm, Glynn, Muckamore Abbey and White.

The castle at Carrickfergus, dating from the Norman invasion of Ireland, is one of the best preserved medieval buildings in Ireland. However, there are still other ancient castles, somOlderfleet, Cams, Shane, Glenarm, Garron Tower, Red Bay, and Dunluce Castle, known for its dramatic location on a cliff.

The main cairns are: Colin mountain, near Lisburn; a Slieve true, close Carrickfergus; and two Colin Ward. The cromlechs most noteworthy are: a close Cairngrainey, to the northeastern part of the old road from Belfast Templepatrick, the great cromlech at Mount Druid, close Ballintoy; and one at the north end of the Island. Strongholds, forts and entrenchments are very numerous.

The natural rock formations of the Giant’s Causeway on the Antrim coast now designated a UNESCO World Heritage Site.

Saint Patrick

Slemish, about eight miles (13 km) east of Ballymena, is notable as the site of St Patrick’s early life. According to tradition, Saint Patrick was a slave for seven years, close to Mount Slemish until he escaped back to Britain.

Tank Top

Linen production was formerly an important industry in the county. At time Ireland produced a large amount of flax. Cotton spinning Jennie was first introduced to Belfast from industry, Robert Joy and Thomas M’Cabe 1777; and twenty three years later estimated that more than 27,000 people were employed in the industry within ten miles (16 km) in Belfast. Women used in the processing of the patterns on the muslin.

Notable residents

• James Adair (1709-1783), born in County Antrim, explorers, traders, and historians [16]
• Charles Clinton Beatty (1715? -1772), Born in County Antrim, noted pastor in the New Jersey area [16]
• John Bodkin Adams (1899-1983), a general practitioner born in Randalstown and is suspected to have killed 163 patients while practicing in Eastbourne, England. [17]
• William Arthur (1797-1875), born in Ballymena, quoted antiquitarian and Baptist pastor in the United States. [16]
• Joey Dunlop, OBE (1952-2000), from Ballymoney, five times World Motorcycle champion.
• Amy James Kelly (1995-), born in Antrim, known for her role as Maddie Heath in Coronation Street
• Sir John Jamison (1776-1844), physician and naval surgeon from Carrickfergus who became an important pioneer landowners and constitutional reformers in New South Wales, Australia.
• George Macartney, 1st Earl Macartney (1737-1806), from Ballymoney, first British Ambassador to China 1772nd
• Eva McGown (1883-1972), chorister, pioneer, and program in Alaska.
• John O’Kane Murray (1847-1885), born in Antrim, doctors and noted author. [16]
• James Nesbitt (1965-), from Broughshane (although he lived close to Coleraine for most of his adolescence and adulthood), remarkable actor.
• Liam Neeson (1952-), from Ballymena, remarkable actor.
• Tony McCoy (1974-), from Money ice cream, notable jockey.
• Hugh Boyle (1897-1986), from Dunloy, Catholic Bishop of Port Elizabeth, 1951-1954, Bishop of Johannesburg, 1954-1976.

Flora and fauna

Documentation of seaweed in County Antrim were collected and published in 1907 by J. Adams [18] Noting that the list contains 211 species. Batter list, in 1902, [19] contained 747 species in their catalog of British marine algae.

Of freshwater algae are 10 taxa in Algiers (Charales) recorded from Antrim Chara aspera Deth. ex Willd. our. aspera; Chara globe Thuill. our. orbs, orbs Chara was. virgata (Kutz.) RD, Chara vulgaris L.. were vulgaris Chara vulgaris. was contraria (A. Braun ex Kutz.) JAMoore, Chara vulgaris. was longibracteata (. Kutz) J.Groves & Bullock-Webster, Chara vulgaris var. papillata Wallr. ex A. Braun; Nitella flexilis (L.) Ag. . was flexilis, Nitella translucency (Pers.) CA Ag. and Tolypella nidifica (O.Mull.) Leonh. our. glomerata (Desv.) RD Wood. [20]

Sports

Main article: Antrim GAA

Surname

The most common surnames in County Antrim at the time of the United Kingdom Census 1901, [21] by order of incidence:

1. Wilson
2. Johnston
3. Thompson
4. Campbell
5. Smyth
6. Stewart
7. Moore
8. Robinson
9. Brown
10. Bell

See also

• Abbey and priories in Northern Ireland (County Antrim)
• List of townlands in County Antrim
• List of civil parishes in County Antrim
• Lord Lieutenant of Antrim
• High Sheriff of Antrim

References

1. Jump up ^ Bonamargy Friary Guide Ministry of the Environment.
2. Jump up ^ North-South Ministerial Council 2004 Annual Report of the Ulster Scots
3. Jump up ^ Annual Report 2008 in Ulster-Scots Tourism Ireland.
4. Jump up ^ The Ulster Scotjuni 2011 Charlie “Tha Poocher” Rennals.
5. Jump up ^ “Antrim”. Encyclopedia Britannica.
6. Jump up ^ Share the population in the County Antrim (618,108) of the area (3046 km2)
7. Jump up ^ “mountains”. Simon Stewart. Retrieved 30 August of 2010.
8. Jump up ^ “About Us”. Belfast Harbour.
9. Jump up ^ Statistics from Gaelscoil national governing body, reached in January 2012
10. ^ Jump up to: a b c d e f “Statistical Classification of settlements”. NI Neighbourhood Information Service. Taken 23 februari2009.
11. Jump up ^ Waddell, John (1998). The Prehistoric Archaeology of Ireland. Galway: University Press Limited. pp. 11-24.
12. Jump up ^ O’Rahilly, Thomas F. (1946). Early Irish history and mythology. Dublin: Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies. p.7.
13. Jump up ^ O’Rahilly, Thomas F. (1946). Early Irish history and mythology. Dublin: Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies.pp. 341-352.
14. Jump up ^ Benn, George (1877). A history of the city of Belfast. Belfast Marcus Ward & Company. pp 21 ff .., Encyclopaedia Britannica (14th edition), Antrim.
15. Jump up ^ “La Girona” (PDF). # Annual Advisory Committee on Historic Wreck, 2005. The Advisory Committee on Historic Wreck Sites. p. 35. Retrieved 1 November 2008.
16. ^ Jump up to: a b c dvem was Who in America, Historical Volume, 1607-1896. Chicago: Marquis Who’s Who. 1967. Cite error: Invalid tag; name “Marquis_1607-1896” is defined multiple times with different content (see the help page). <Ref>
17. Jump up ^ Cullen, Pamela V. “A Stranger in Blood: The Case Files on Dr John Bodkin Adams”, London, Elliott & Thompson, 2006, ISBN 1-904027-19-9
18. Jump up ^ Adams, J. The seaweed Antrim coast. Scient. Pap. Ulster Fish. Biol. . Ass Vol.1: 29-37
19. Jump up ^ batters, EAL A catalog of the British marine algae is the list of all species of seaweed found at the shores of the British Isles, with the locations where they are. J. Bot, Lond .. 40 (Suppl.) (2) + 107th
20. Jump up ^ Hackney, ed P .. Stewart & Corry Flora in northeastern Ireland. Third Edition Institute of Irish Studies and Queen University of Belfast. ISBN 0 85389 446 9
21. Jump up ^ “Antrim Genealogy resources and Parish Register – Ulster”.